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RNSG 2213 QUIZ 1 > ch. 3: psychosocial theories and therapy > Flashcards

ch. 3: psychosocial theories and therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the id?

A

reflects basic or innate desires
-pleasure-seeking
-aggression
-sexual impulses
-seeks INSTANT gratification

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2
Q

What is the superego?

A

reflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and parental and social expectations
-IN DIRECT OPPOSITION TO THE ID

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3
Q

What is the ego?

A

balancing or meditating force btwn the id and superego
-represents mature and adaptive behavior

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4
Q

What are conscious thoughts?

A

perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that exist in the person’s AWARENESS

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5
Q

What are preconscious thoughts?

A

NOT currently in the person’s awareness, but they can recall them with some effort

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6
Q

What are unconscious thoughts?

A

realm of thoughts/feelings that motivates a person eve thought they are TOTALLY UNAWARE of them

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7
Q

What is the Freudian slip?

A

slip of the tongue that are indications of subconscious feelings

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8
Q

What did Freud think about dreams?

A

that they reflect a person’s subconscious

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9
Q

What is dream analysis?

A

used in psychoanalysis, involves discussing a pt’s dreams to discover their true meaning and significance

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10
Q

What is free association?

A

the therapist says a word and asks the pt to respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind

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11
Q

What are ego defense mechanisms?

A

methods of attempting to protect the self and cope w/ basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings, or events

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12
Q

What is compensation?

A

overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area

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13
Q

What is conversion?

A

expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature

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14
Q

What is denial?

A

failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition; failure to admit the reality of a situation or how one enables the problem to continue

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15
Q

What is displacement?

A

Ventilation of intense feelings toward persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings

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16
Q

What is dissociation?

A

dealing w/ an emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity
-ex: amnesia

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17
Q

What is fixation?

A

immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage

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18
Q

What is identification?

A

modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity, or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal

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19
Q

What is intellectualization?

A

separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved ; acknowledging the facts but NOT the emotions

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20
Q

What is introjection?

A

accepting another person’s attitudes, beliefs and values as one’s own

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21
Q

What is projection?

A

Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object

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22
Q

What is rationalization?

A

excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect

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23
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels

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24
Q

What is regression?

A

moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met

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25
Q

What is repression?

A

excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness

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26
Q

What is resistance?

A

overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing Information

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27
Q

What is sublimation?

A

substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable
-ex: going an a 15 min walk when tempted to eat junk food

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28
Q

What is substitution?

A

replacing the desired gratification wth one that is more readily available

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29
Q

What is suppression?

A

conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness

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30
Q

What is undoing?

A

exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior
-ex: person who cheats on spouse brings the a bouquet of flowers

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31
Q

What is transference?

A

client displaces onto the therapist attitudes and feelings

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32
Q

What is countertransference?

A

occurs when the therapist displaces onto the client attitudes or feelings from his/her past

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33
Q

What s Freud’s ORAL developmental stage?

A

(birth to 18 months)
-major site of gratification/tension in the mouth, lips, tongue

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34
Q

What s Freud’s ANAL developmental stage?

A

(18-36 months)
-anus/surrounding area is major source of interest
-potty training

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35
Q

What s Freud’s PHALLIC/OEDIPAL developmental stage?

A

(3-5 years)
-genital is focus of interest

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36
Q

What s Freud’s LATENCY developmental stage?

A

(5-11 or 13 years)
-sexual drive channeled into socially appropriate activities

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37
Q

What is Freud’s GENITAL developmental stage?

A

(11-13 years)
-begins w/ puberty and biologic capacity for orgasm; involves capacity for true intimacy

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38
Q

What does psychoanalysis focus on?

A

-discovering the causes of the clients unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings, and conflicts believed to cause anxiety
-helping the client gain insight and resolve these conflicts and anxieties

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39
Q

What is Erickson’s 1st stage of psychosocial development?

A

-TRUST VS MISTRUST (infant)
-virtue: hope
-task: view the world as safe and reliable, relationships as nurturing, stable, and dependable

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40
Q

What is Erickson’s 2nd stage of psychosocial development?

A

-AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT (toddler)
-virtue: will
-task: achieve a sense of control and free will

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41
Q

What is Erickson’s 3rd stage of psychosocial development?

A

-INITIATIVE VS GUILT (preschool)
-virtue: purpose
-task: begin development of CONSCIENCE; learning to manage conflict and anxiety

42
Q

What is Erickson’s 4th stage of psychosocial development?

A

-INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY (school age)
-virtue: competence
-task: emerging confidence in owns abilities; taking pleasure in accomplishments

43
Q

What is Erickson’s 5th stage of psychosocial development?

A

-IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION (adolescence)
-virtue: fidelity
-task: formulating a sense of self and belonging

44
Q

What is Erickson’s 6th stage of psychosocial development?

A

-INTIMACY VS ISOLATION (young adult)
-virtue: love
-task: forming adult, loving relationships, and meaningful attachments to others

45
Q

What is Erickson’s 7th stage of psychosocial development?

A

-GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION (middle adult)
-virtue: care
-task: being creative and productive; establishing the next generation

46
Q

What is Erickson’s 8th stage of psychosocial development?

A

-EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
-virtue: wisdom
-task: accepting responsibility of ones self and life

47
Q

What is the prototaxic mode according to Sullivan?

A

-characteristics of infancy and childhood
-involves brief, unconnected experiences that have no relationship to one another
-ex: adults w/ schizophrenia exhibit persistent prototaxic experiences

48
Q

What is the parataxic mode according to Sullivan?

A

begins in early childhood as the child begins to connect experiences in sequence
-Sullivan explained paranoid ideas and slips of the tongue as a person operating in the parataxic mode

49
Q

What is the syntaxic mode according to Sullivan?

A

begins in school aged children
-person begins to perceive begins to perceive him/herself and the world within the context of the environment and can analyze experiences in a variety of settings

50
Q

What does participant observer mean?

A

Sullivan coined this term for the therapists role, means the therapist both participates in and observes the progress of the relationship

51
Q

What is milieu therapy?

A

involves clients interactions w/ one another, practicing interpersonal skills, giving one another feedback about behavior, and working cooperatively as a group to solve day to day prblms

52
Q

Who developed the concept of the therapeutic nurse-pt relationship?

A

Peplau

53
Q

What are the 4 phases of a therapeutic nurse-pt relationship?

A

1) Orientation
2) identification
3) exploitation
4) resolution

54
Q

What is the orientation phase?

A

directed by the nurse and involves engaging the client in treatment, providing explanation and information, and answering questions

55
Q

What is the identification phase?

A

begins when the client works interdependently with the nurse, expresses feelings, and begins to feel stronger, roles of pt and nurse are clarified

56
Q

What is the exploitation phase?

A

client makes FULL USE of the services provided

57
Q

What is the resolution phase?

A

client no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior
-relationship ENDS

58
Q

What is the “stranger” role of the nurse?

A

offers client the same acceptance and courtesy that the nurse would to any stranger

59
Q

What is the “resource person” role of the nurse?

A

providing specific answers to ?s within a larger context

60
Q

What is the “teacher” role of the nurse?

A

helping the client learn formally or informally

61
Q

What is the “leader” role of the nurse?

A

offering direction to the client or group

62
Q

What is the “surrogate” role of the nurse?

A

serving as a substitute for another, such as a parent or sibling

63
Q

What is the “counselor” role of the nurse?

A

promoting experiences leading to health for the client, such as expression of feeling

64
Q

What is considered MILD anxiety?

A

-positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems
-Person can take in all available stimuli

65
Q

What is considered MODERATE anxiety?

A

-involves decreased perceptual field (focus on immediate task only)
-Person can learn new behavior or solve problems only w/ assistance
-Another person can redirect the person to the task.

66
Q

What is considered SEVERE anxiety?

A

-involves feelings of dread or terror
-Pt CANNOT be redirected to task; they follow cues only on scattered details
-has physiological s/s: tachycardia, diaphoresis, chest pain. PT may go to ED thinking theyre having a heart attack

67
Q

What is considered PANIC anxiety?

A

-can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness
-Pt may bolt and run aimlessly often exposing themselves to injury

68
Q

What does HUMANISM focus on?

A

focuses on a person’s positive qualities, their capacity to change (human potential), and promotion of self-esteem

69
Q

What is Maslow’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS?

A

1) physiologic needs (food, water, shelter, etc)
2) safety and security
3) love and belonging needs
4) esteem needs
5) self-actualization

70
Q

What did Carl Rogers describe CLIENT-CENTERED THERAPY as?

A

focuses on role of client instead of therapist as the key to healing process. Each person experiences the world differently and knows his/her own experiences best

71
Q

What is unconditional positive regard?

A

nonjudgemental caring for the client that is not depndent on the clients behavior

72
Q

What is genuineness?

A

realness or congruence btwn what the therapist feels and what they say to the client

73
Q

What is empathetic understanding?

A

therapist sesnes the feelings and personal meaning from the client and communicates this inderstanding to the client

74
Q

What does BEHAVIORISM focus on?

A

focuses on observable behaviors and what one can do externally to being about behavior chnages. DOES NOT attempt to explain how the mind works

75
Q

What experiment is Pavlov known for?

A

classical conditioning

76
Q

What does operant conditioning mean (Skinner)?

A

ppl learn their behaviors from their hx or past experiences
-all behavior is learned
-consequences result from behavior
-continuous reinforcement is fastest way but wont last long
-random interm reinforcement is slower but lasts longer

77
Q

What is behavior modification?

A

method of attempting to strengthen a desired behavior response by reinforcement (positive or negative)

78
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

the introduction of a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior

79
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

removing a negative stimulus to strengthen a behavior

80
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

used to help pts overcome irrational fears and anxiety associated w/ phobias
-pt is gradually exposed to more and more anxiety-provoking situations

81
Q

What do existential theorists believe?

A

that behavioral devastations result when a person is out of touch w/ him or herself or the environment

82
Q

What is cognitive therapy?

A

focuses on immediate thought processing (how a person perceives or interprets his/her experience and determines how she/he feels and behaves

83
Q

What are “irrational beliefs”?

A

Ellis believed ppl use these to make themselves unhappy

84
Q

What are automatic thoughts?

A

-cause unhappiness in certain situations
-A: activating stimulus or event
-B: blank in the persons mind
-C: excessive inappropriate response

85
Q

What is a crisis?

A

turning point in an individual’s life that produces an overwhelming emotional response

86
Q

What is a maturational crisis?

A

aka developmental crisis,
-predictable events in the normal course of life, like
1) leaving home
2) getting married
3) having a baby

87
Q

What is a situational crisis?

A

unanticipated or sudden events that threaten the individual’s integrity, like
1) death of a loved one
2) loss of a job
3) physical or emotional illness in the individual or fam member

88
Q

What is an adventitious crisis?

A

aka social crisis
1) natural disasters: floods, hurricane, earthquakes
2) war
3) terrorist attacks
4) riots
5) violent crimes: rape. murder

89
Q

Are all crises negative?

A

no

90
Q

What is crisis described as?

A

self-limiting, lasts for 4-6 weeks

91
Q

What are the 3 ways a crisis is resolved?

A

1) person returns to their pre-crisis level of functioning
2) person begins functioning at a higher level
3) person begins functioning at a level LOWER than precrisis functioning

92
Q

What are types of crisis interventions?

A

1) directive: designed to asses the persons health status and promote prblm solving
2) supportive: aim at dealing w/ persons needs for empathetic understanding

93
Q

What is individual psychotherapy?

A

one to one relationship btwn client and therapist
-ppl seek this therapy based ondesire to understand themselves and their behavior, to make personal changes, to improveinterpersonal relationships, or to get relief from emotional pain or unhappiness

94
Q

What is a psychotherapy group?

A

members learn about their behavior and make positive changes in their behavior by interacting and communicating w/ others

95
Q

What are open groups?

A

ongoing and run indefinitely, members are allowed to join and leave as they need to

96
Q

What are closed groups?

A

structured to keep same members in group for a specified number of sessions

97
Q

What are complementary medicines?

A

therapies used WITH conventional medicine

98
Q

What is alternative medicine?

A

therapies USED IN PLACE of conventional treatment

99
Q

What is integrative medicine?

A

COMBINES conventional medical therapies and CAM therapies that have scientific evidence supporting their safety and effectiveness

100
Q

What is psychiatric rehabilitation?

A

providing services to ppl w/ severe and persistent mental illness to help them live in the community

101
Q

What is psychosocial interventions?

A

nursing activities that enhance the clients social and physiological functioning and improve social skills, interpersonal relationships, and communication

RNSG 2213 QUIZ 1 (2 decks)

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