Ch. 3 Phonology Key Vocabulary Flashcards
Phonetic inventories
the sounds that are produced as part of a language
Phonotactic Constraints
restrictions on possible combinations of sounds
Sound Substitution
process in which sounds that exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in said language
Aspiration
puff or air released after the production of a consonant
Noncontrasive
two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in language
Contrasive
two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language
Contrasive distribution
two sounds occur in same phonetic environment
phonetic environment
the sounds that come before and after a particular sound in a word
Minimal pair
two words whose pronunciations differ by one sound
Complementary distribution
sounds in a language that are never found in the same phonetic environment
free variation
two sounds that occur in overlapping environments
Overlapping distribution
sounds that can occur in the same environment
Conditioning environment
neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo change
silibants
segments that have a high-pitched. hissing sound quality
Obstruents
sounds produced with an obstruction of airflow and include stops, fricatives, and affricates
Sonorants
segments produced with an open passage of airflow
Assimilation
process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound
dissimilation
process by which two close sounds become less similar
Insertion
process by which a segment not present in the phonemic form is added in the phonemic form
Deletion
process by which a sound present in phonemic form is removed from phonemic form
Metathesis
Switching the order of two sounds
Strengthening
sounds are made stronger
Weakening
sounds become weaker
Implicational Law
observation about language universals that takes the form of an implication
