Ch 3-Memory Flashcards
Automatic processing vs Controlled/Effortful processing
Automatic–>
Controlled–>
What is the strongest encoding type? Visual Acoustic or Semantic?
Semantic is the strongest
What is the self reference effect?
It is semantic encoding where you relate the meaning of the stimuli to your own life
What is maintenance rehersal?
This is where you repeat the info inorder to encode it (weaker than semantic)
Explain each memory method--> Mnenomics Method of Loci Peg word Chunking
Peg word–> associating items with an ordered number string so that the items ryme or resemble the numbers they are paired with
Chunking–> grouping items into smaller groups based off meaning or similarity
Sensory Memory
How do partial report and full report methods differ?
Partial is when you are asked to only recall part of the stimuli you saw. This allows you to accuratelly recall it before the sensory representation fades.
How long approximatellydoes STM last without rehersal? How many items can be stored?
30 seconds
7+/-2 items can be stored
How is working memory different from STM?
Working memory is a brief buffer that allows us to manipulate the information in our heads
How does elaborative rehersal differ from maintenance rehersal?
Elaborative–> Relates the STM info to stored knowledge integrating it into the long term memory
Maintenance–> Just maintains the STM trace but doesn’t facilitate transfer to LTM
Recognition vs Recall?
Recognition is just recognizing something you have previously learned this occurs much faster then actually recalling the information. Sometimes we can recognize that we have seen something but not recall where we saw it
Spacing effect and relearning
When you relearn something you can usually recal it in much more detail (vs if your only learned it once)
The spacing effect says that the further spaced out the relearning is the better recall it will lead to
How is info in the brain organized? How does this relate to the effects of spreading activation and priming?
The brain is organized according to semantic meaning. Priming is when concepts are primed by the recall or viewing of semantically related concepts
Context effect and State dependent memory
Context–> We tend to remember things easier if we are in the same context as when we learned them
State Dependent Memory–> Same as context but refers to internal states instead of external environments
What are the symptoms of Alzheimers? What supposedly cause it? How does it effect memory as it progresses? What is the sundowning effect?
Symptoms are that you start to lose memory and cognitive functioning starting with more recent memories and memory formation. It is though to be caused by neurofibulary tangles and Bamyloid plaques. Sundowning is that in early patients the symptoms are worse nearing the end of the day.
What is Korsakoff’s syndrome? What is it’s main symptoms?
It is a brain deficiency of iodine. It causes anterograde and retrograde amnesia and confabulation (insertion of false memories)
What is Agnosia?
Agnosia is the loss of the ability to recognize certain objects
What does the curve of forgetting look like?
It is a steep slope for a couple days after learning and then it levels out
What is Interference? Proactive vs Retroactive?
Interference is when the recall of something is interrupted by the presence of something else similar
What is Interference? Proactive vs Retroactive?
Interference is when the recall of something is interrupted by the presence of something else similar
Proactive is when old info interferes with new info
Retroactive is when new info interferes with old info
What time period do elderly people recall the most memories from?
Their 20s
What is prospective memory? What type decays?
Remembering to do something in the future. The time triggered version decays the most
What is source amnesia?
It is when you forget the source of the details of the story. Like if you tell a story and think you saw the cars colour when in reality Joe told you the colour.
