Ch 3 Hematological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

small RBC are always…

A

pale RBC/hypochromic

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2
Q

if MCV, MCHC, and RDW are within normal limits, what deficiencies are ruled out?

A

iron, vitamin B12, folate deficiencies

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3
Q

microcytic (MCV < 80), hypochromic ( low MCHC) anemia with elevated RDW

most common etiology? next step?

A

iron deficiency
plumbism (lead toxicity)

get ferritin levels to estimate iron stores
add lead testing in children if sus

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4
Q

microcytic (MCV < 80) hypochromic anemia
Normal RDW
High RBCs

most common etiology?
next step?

A

alpha thalassemia minor
*think AAA (Asians,, African)

Beta thalassemia minor
*think BAMME (Beta: African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern ancestory)

get hemoglobin electrophoresis for evaluation of hemoglobin variants

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5
Q

normocytic, normochromic anemia with NL RDW

most common etiology?

A
  • anemia of chronic disease
  • chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • acute blood loss
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6
Q

remember, anemia has low __ and low ___

A

hematocrit (<36%) and hemoglobin (<12)

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7
Q

macrocytic (high MCV), normochromic (MCHC), high RDW anemia

most common etiologies?
next step?

A

vitamin B12 deficiency, esp pernicious anemia
folate deficiency anemia

get serum vitamin b12 and RBC folate levels

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8
Q

drug induced macrocytosis, usually WITHOUT anemia
only high is MCV

most common etiology?

A

Alcohol (excess) >5/day male, >3/day female
anti-epileptic drugs:(carbamazepine/Tegretol, phenytoin (Dilantin), methotrexate)

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