Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organic Chemistry > Ch. 3 - Functional Groups > Flashcards

Ch. 3 - Functional Groups Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which characteristics do functional groups determine?

A

electron-deficient sites, acid-base behavior, overall polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F: A C=C pi bond is easily broken and causes a molecule to be nucleophillic?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: A heteroatom acts as a nucleophile and causes carbon to be electron-deficient?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is a C-Z bond polar or non polar?

A

polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: pi bonds are hard to break in a reaction?

A

false, pi bonds are easy to break.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: pi bonds make a molecule nucleophillic?

A

true, it also causes it to act as a Lewis base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The atom Z has one or more lone pairs of electrons, allowing it to act as both a nucleophile and a _____.

A

lewis base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: covalent compounds are composed of discrete molecules?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of interactions hold ionic bonds together?

A

electrostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Solute-solvent interactions must be ____ to solute-solute interactions.

A

similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Energy required to break up the interactions between the molecules or ions of a solute comes from new interactions between the __________________.

A

solute and solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hydrogen bonds are _______ than most covalent bonds.

A

weaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are three important features of the C-H bond?

A

strong, nonpolar, not readily broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a functional group?

A

atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical/physical properties “reactive part”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the functional group of a molecule determine?

A

geometry, physical properties, reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do heteroatoms and pi bonds determine reactivity?

A

heteroatoms have lone pairs, create spot of electron deficiency on carbon
pi bonds are easily broken in reactions, pi bonds make molecules that are basic and nucleophillic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does “R” stand for?

A

carbon backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three types of functional groups?

A

hydrocarbons, compounds with C-Z bonds, compounds with C=O bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two types of hydrocarbons?

A

aliphatic and aromatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three types of aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an alkane?

A

has C-C single bond, no functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an alkene?

A

has C=C double bond (pi bond as functional group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an alkyne?

A

has CH triple bond (pi bonds and functional group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

A

strong, sweet odor

includes benzene and phenyl groups

26
Q

How are carbon groups in alkanes and other compounds classified?

A

number of carbons directly bonded to that carbon

27
Q

How are hydrogen classified?

A

type of carbon they are bonded to (1º carbon = 1º H)

28
Q

What are C-Z functional groups?

A

carbon is bonded to EN Z atom which creates polar bond

29
Q

What is the important thing that Z does to C in a C-Z functional group?

A

makes carbon electron deficient

30
Q

What is important about the lone pairs on Z in a C-Z functional group?

A

lone pairs are available for reactions with protons and electrophiles (especially when Z is N or O)

31
Q

How are amines classified (º)?

A

by the number of C-N bonds

32
Q

What is a C=O functional group?

A

contains carbonyl group (C=O)

33
Q

What is important about C=O groups?

A

polar makes carbon electrophile
lone pairs on O allow it to act as a nucleophile/base
contains a pi bond, more easily broken than C-O sigma bond

34
Q

How are amides classified?

A

number of carbons bonded to N

35
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

oppositely charged particles held together by extremely strong electrostatic forces

36
Q

Does it take a lot or a little energy to separate charged ions?

A

A LOT

37
Q

What are covalent compounds composed of?

A

discrete molecules

38
Q

What holds covalent compounds together?

A

covalent bonds, IMFs

39
Q

What causes van der Waals?

A

momentary changes of electron density/temporary dipoles

40
Q

What types of molecules have van der Waals?

A

nonpolar and polar (all)

41
Q

What determines the strength of van der Waals?

A

greater surface area = stronger force

larger atoms = more polarizable = stronger IMFs

42
Q

What is polarizability?

A

measure of how the electron cloud around atom responds to changes in electronic environment

43
Q

What causes dipole-dipole interactions?

A

attractive forces between permanent dipoles of 2 polar molecules

44
Q

What causes hydrogen bonding?

A

occurs when H atoms bonded to NOF is electrostatically attracted to a lone pair of an electron on another NOF atom in another molecule

45
Q

How does IMFs affect boiling point?

A

stronger IMFs = higher boiling point

46
Q

How does surface area affect boiling point?

A

higher surface area = higher BP

47
Q

How does polarizability affect boiling point?

A

more polarizable = higher BP

48
Q

How does IMFs affect melting point?

A

stronger IMFs = higher MP

49
Q

How does symmetry affect melting point?

A

if the same functional group, the more symmetrical molecule will have a higher MP
(why? it packs easier)

50
Q

Where does energy needed to break interactions between the solute come from?

A

interactions between solute and solvent

51
Q

T/F: compounds dissolve in solvents with similar IMFs.

A

true

52
Q

Is water a polar/nonpolar solvent?

A

polar

53
Q

Are organic compounds polar/nonpolar solvents?

A

nonpolar

54
Q

Are most ionic compounds soluble in water or organic solvents?

A

water, non organic solvents

most organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents

55
Q

When are organic compounds soluble in water?

A

if it contains one polar functional group per every 5 carbon atoms
1 polar FG : 5 carbons

56
Q

How does the size of an organic polar molecule determine solubility?

A

large molecule with little polar groups = insoluble

57
Q

What must all functional groups include?

A

pi bonds or heteroatom

58
Q

What does an EN heteroatom do?

A

makes C electrophillic

59
Q

What do lone pairs on heteroatom do?

A

makes heteroatom a basic nucleophile

60
Q

What does an electophile react with?

A

a nucleophile

Organic Chemistry (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions