Ch. 18 – Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes Flashcards
How do intermolecular forces of aldehydes and ketones affect boiling point?
more IMFs = higher BP
aldehydes have higher BP than ketons
What is the IR number for aldehyde?
2700-2830
What is the IR number for ketone?
1700
What is the IR number for C=C or benzene?
1600
What is the IR number for a conjugated ketone?
1685
What is the H NMR shift for aldehyde?
9-10
What is the H NMR shift for ketone?
2-2.5
What is the H NMR shift for vinyl proton (off double bond)
6-7
What is C NMR shift for ketone or aldehyde?
190-215
What is an aldehyde group called?
formyl
What aldehyde name is used for aldehyde rings?
carbaldehyde
Are aldehydes or ketones higher in priority for naming?
aldehydes are higher priority
What are the two places reactions can occur for carbonyl compounds?
at carbonyl carbon or at alpha carbon
What intermediate forms when a reaction occurs at an alpha carbon?
enolate that reacts with electrophiles
When does nuc attack followed by protonation occur?
for negative nucleophiles or very strong nucleophiles
When does protonation of carbonyl and then nuc attack occur?
nucc that require an acid catalyst
What is an ylide?
a species that contains two oppositely charged atoms bonded to eachother
What does Zwitter ionic mean?
has a positive and negative charge existing at same time
What is the most important consideration when forming enamines?
that there is an available hydrogen at the alpha carbon and that the major product has least steric hindrance
