Ch. 18 – Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes

Question 1

How do intermolecular forces of aldehydes and ketones affect boiling point?

Answer 1

more IMFs = higher BP

aldehydes have higher BP than ketons

Question 2

What is the IR number for aldehyde?

Answer 2

2700-2830

Question 3

What is the IR number for ketone?

Answer 3

1700

Question 4

What is the IR number for C=C or benzene?

Answer 4

1600

Question 5

What is the IR number for a conjugated ketone?

Answer 5

1685

Question 6

What is the H NMR shift for aldehyde?

Answer 6

9-10

Question 7

What is the H NMR shift for ketone?

Answer 7

2-2.5

Question 8

What is the H NMR shift for vinyl proton (off double bond)

Answer 8

6-7

Question 9

What is C NMR shift for ketone or aldehyde?

Answer 9

190-215

Question 10

What is an aldehyde group called?

Answer 10

formyl

Question 11

What aldehyde name is used for aldehyde rings?

Answer 11

carbaldehyde

Question 12

Are aldehydes or ketones higher in priority for naming?

Answer 12

aldehydes are higher priority

Question 13

What are the two places reactions can occur for carbonyl compounds?

Answer 13

at carbonyl carbon or at alpha carbon

Question 14

What intermediate forms when a reaction occurs at an alpha carbon?

Answer 14

enolate that reacts with electrophiles

Question 15

When does nuc attack followed by protonation occur?

Answer 15

for negative nucleophiles or very strong nucleophiles

Question 16

When does protonation of carbonyl and then nuc attack occur?

Answer 16

nucc that require an acid catalyst

Question 17

What is an ylide?

Answer 17

a species that contains two oppositely charged atoms bonded to eachother

Question 18

What does Zwitter ionic mean?

Answer 18

has a positive and negative charge existing at same time

Question 19

What is the most important consideration when forming enamines?

Answer 19

that there is an available hydrogen at the alpha carbon and that the major product has least steric hindrance