Ch 3 Factors Influencing Health Flashcards
Biologic and genetic determinants
Physiologic factors that are inherent in individuals, and some cannot be changed.
Biologic and genetic determinants examples
Age, body structure, and body function
Arthrometric Measurement (Measured Body Structure) examples
Height Weight Body mass index (BMI) Waist-to-hip ratio Bone density
Organic bodily processes examples
Biochemical function Blood pressure Movement and balance Nutritional status Respiratory function Sensory function Strength and robustness Fitness
Genetic Vulnerability
Risk for disease expression based on genotype, is a determinant of health involuntarily passed from biologic parents to their offspring
Epigenetics
A branch of genetics that studies changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself (i.e., heritable changes in gene activity that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence)
Genetic Susceptibility
Individuals with a genetic susceptibility, or genetic predisposition, may not be born with a disease but may be at high risk for acquiring it
Clinical genetics
A branch of genetics that studies inherited disorders and investigates the possible factors that may influence the occurrence of pathologic conditions. It does not specifically refer to the risk for disease expression passed on involuntarily from biologic parents to offspring
Which patient factors are considered biologic determinants of health?
Age, bone density, respiratory function
Which condition is an example of a chromosomal disorder?
Down Syndrome
Examples of Single gene disorders:
Cystic fibrosis Phenylketonuria Sickle cell anemia Hemophilia A Familial hypercholesterolemia Huntington disease
The SIX basic patterns of single-gene inheritance:
autosomal dominant autosomal recessive X-linked dominant X-linked recessive Y-linked inheritance maternal (mitochondrial) inheritance
In chromosomal disorders, the defect is due to an excess or lack of the genes contained in a whole chromosome or chromosome segment. Examples of chromosomal disorders include:
Down syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Multifactorial disorders: Common diseases involve interactions of several genes and the environment. Examples of multifactorial disorders include:
Cancer
Coronary heart disease
Hypertension
Stroke
Which population has the greatest risk for opportunistic infections?
Older adults have the greatest risk for opportunistic infections caused by harmless organisms that become pathogenic; older adults have decreased immune system function as a result of the aging process.
Which statement is true regarding biologic and genetic determinants of health?
Some can be altered or modified.
Biologic and genetic determinants that relate to body structure or body functioning are adaptable.
Physical environments
Refer to concrete aspects (e.g., neighborhoods, buildings, ecosystems) that an individual can feel, see, and hear.
Social environments
Conceptual aspects (e.g., culture norms, traditions, attitudes, socioeconomic status, social support, and education levels) that can shape interactions between people
The 5 Key Social Determinants of Health:
Economic Stability Neighborhood and Built Environment Education Health and Healthcare Social and Community Context
Which topic is a key issue in economic stability as a social determinant of health?
Food security: Food security is a key issue in economic stability as a social determinant of health
What statement describes a benefit of having a primary health care provider as a regular source of care?
The likelihood of receiving appropriate care is increased.
A primary health care provider increases the likelihood that patients will receive appropriate care, which is a benefit.
