Ch 3 Factors Influencing Health

Question 1

Biologic and genetic determinants

Answer 1

Physiologic factors that are inherent in individuals, and some cannot be changed.

Question 2

Biologic and genetic determinants examples

Answer 2

Age, body structure, and body function

Question 3

Arthrometric Measurement (Measured Body Structure) examples

Answer 3

Height
Weight
Body mass index (BMI)
Waist-to-hip ratio
Bone density

Question 4

Organic bodily processes examples

Answer 4

Biochemical function
Blood pressure
Movement and balance
Nutritional status
Respiratory function
Sensory function
Strength and robustness
Fitness

Question 5

Genetic Vulnerability

Answer 5

Risk for disease expression based on genotype, is a determinant of health involuntarily passed from biologic parents to their offspring

Question 6

Epigenetics

Answer 6

A branch of genetics that studies changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself (i.e., heritable changes in gene activity that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence)

Question 7

Genetic Susceptibility

Answer 7

Individuals with a genetic susceptibility, or genetic predisposition, may not be born with a disease but may be at high risk for acquiring it

Question 8

Clinical genetics

Answer 8

A branch of genetics that studies inherited disorders and investigates the possible factors that may influence the occurrence of pathologic conditions. It does not specifically refer to the risk for disease expression passed on involuntarily from biologic parents to offspring

Question 9

Which patient factors are considered biologic determinants of health?

Answer 9

Age, bone density, respiratory function

Question 10

Which condition is an example of a chromosomal disorder?

Answer 10

Down Syndrome

Question 11

Examples of Single gene disorders:

Answer 11

Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Sickle cell anemia
Hemophilia A
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Huntington disease

Question 12

The SIX basic patterns of single-gene inheritance:

Answer 12

autosomal dominant
autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Y-linked inheritance
maternal (mitochondrial) inheritance

Question 13

In chromosomal disorders, the defect is due to an excess or lack of the genes contained in a whole chromosome or chromosome segment. Examples of chromosomal disorders include:

Answer 13

Down syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome

Question 14

Multifactorial disorders: Common diseases involve interactions of several genes and the environment. Examples of multifactorial disorders include:

Answer 14

Cancer
Coronary heart disease
Hypertension
Stroke

Question 15

Which population has the greatest risk for opportunistic infections?

Answer 15

Older adults have the greatest risk for opportunistic infections caused by harmless organisms that become pathogenic; older adults have decreased immune system function as a result of the aging process.

Question 16

Which statement is true regarding biologic and genetic determinants of health?

Answer 16

Some can be altered or modified.

Biologic and genetic determinants that relate to body structure or body functioning are adaptable.

Question 17

Physical environments

Answer 17

Refer to concrete aspects (e.g., neighborhoods, buildings, ecosystems) that an individual can feel, see, and hear.

Question 18

Social environments

Answer 18

Conceptual aspects (e.g., culture norms, traditions, attitudes, socioeconomic status, social support, and education levels) that can shape interactions between people

Question 19

The 5 Key Social Determinants of Health:

Answer 19

Economic Stability
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Education
Health and Healthcare
Social and Community Context

Question 20

Which topic is a key issue in economic stability as a social determinant of health?

Answer 20

Food security: Food security is a key issue in economic stability as a social determinant of health

Question 21

What statement describes a benefit of having a primary health care provider as a regular source of care?

Answer 21

The likelihood of receiving appropriate care is increased.

A primary health care provider increases the likelihood that patients will receive appropriate care, which is a benefit.