Ch. 3 - Ethics and Privacy

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

Principles of right and wrong that individuals use to make choices that guide their behaviour

Question 2

5 Ethical Frameworks

Answer 2

1. Utilitarian Approach
2. Rights Approach
3. Fairness Approach
4. Common Good Approach
5. Deontology Approach

Question 3

Code of Ethics

Answer 3

Collection of principles intended to guide decision making by members of the organization

Question 4

Traditional Approach to Resolving Ethical Issues

Answer 4

1. Recognize an ethical issue
2. Get the facts
3. Evaluated alternative actions
4. Make a decision and test it

Question 5

Giving Voice to Values (GVV) Approach

Answer 5

1. Identify an ethical issue
2. Purpose and choice
3. Stakeholder analysis
4. Powerful response
5. Scripting and coaching

Question 6

Fundamental tenets of ethics

Answer 6

• responsibility
• accountability
• liability

being unethical does not mean it is illegal

Question 7

Responsibility

Answer 7

accept consequences of your decisions and actions

Question 8

Accountability

Answer 8

determining who is responsible for actions that were taken

Question 9

Liability

Answer 9

gives individuals right to recover damages done to them by other individuals, organizations or systems

Question 10

Categories of ethical issues related to IT

Answer 10

• privacy
• accuracy
• property
• accessibility

Question 11

Privacy

Answer 11

1. collecting, storing and disseminating info about individuals
2. right to be left alone and to be free of unreasonable personal intrusions

Question 12

Accuracy

Answer 12

authenticity, fidelity and correctness of information that is collected and processed

Question 13

Property

Answer 13

ownership and value of information

Question 14

Accessibility

Answer 14

who should have access to information and whether they should pay a fee for this access

Question 15

informational privacy

Answer 15

right to determine when, and to what extent, personal information can be gathered by or communicated to others

Question 16

Rules in court decisions

Answer 16

1. right to privacy is not absolute and privacy must be balanced against the needs of society
2. public’s right to know supersedes individual’s right of privacy

Question 17

digital dossier

Answer 17

electronic profile of you and your habits

Question 18

profiling

Answer 18

process of filing a digital dossier

Question 19

electronic surveillance

Answer 19

tracking people’s activities with the aid of computers

Question 20

who uses electronic surveillance?

Answer 20

employers, governments + other institutions

ex. surveillance cameras in airports, subways, banks + other public venues

Question 21

personal information in databases

Answer 21

ex. credit reporting agencies, bank and financial institutions, utility companies, employers, hospitals, schools, government agencies

Question 22

international aspects of privacy

Answer 22

• global nature of internet complicates data privacy

~ 50 countries have data-protection laws

• inconsistent standards from country to country
• transborder data flow

Question 23

privacy policies / privacy codes

Answer 23

organizations guidelines for protecting the privacy of its customers, clients and employees

• includes opt-out and opt-in
• P3P
• Europen Directive on Data Privacy (GDPR)
• Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Model Code
• Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)

Question 24

opt-out model

Answer 24

allows company to collect personal information unless otherwise specificed

Question 25

opt-in model

Answer 25

prohibits organization from collection personal information unless otherwise specified

Question 26

platform for privacy preferences (P3P)

Answer 26

protocol that automatically communicates privacy policies between website + its visitors

Question 27

PIPEDA

Answer 27

privacy legislation anywhere shares the goal of privacy protection for its citizens