Ch. 3 Culture and Media/ ch. 4 socialization

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices; the sum total of social categories and concepts we embrace in addition to beliefs, behaviors (except instinctual ones), and practices; that which is not the natural environment around us

Question 2

ethnocentrism

Answer 2

the belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one’s own

Question 3

nonmaterial culture

Answer 3

values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms

Question 4

material culture

Answer 4

everything that is a part of our constructed, physical environment, including technology; *artifacts or physical objects that people create and give meaning to

Question 5

ideology

Answer 5

a system of concepts and relationships; an understanding of cause and effect

Question 6

subculture

Answer 6

the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular group in society; a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols, and shared meaning specific to the members of that group and distinctive enough to distinguish it from others within the same culture or society

Question 7

values

Answer 7

moral beliefs; socially shared ideas about what is good/bad, what is right, what is desirable

Question 8

norms

Answer 8

how values tell us to behave; shared rules or guidelines that prescribe the behavior that’s appropriate in any given situation. what people ought to do, and what people ought not to do

Question 9

socialization

Answer 9

the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society

Question 10

reflection theory

Answer 10

the idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of the underlying reality or social structures of our society is projected

Question 11

me

Answer 11

the self as perceived as an object by the “I”; as the self as one imagines others perceive one

Question 12

I

Answer 12

one’s sense of agency, action, or power

Question 13

symbolic interactionism

Answer 13

a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions

Question 14

self

Answer 14

the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person

Question 15

______ can be defined as a process in which a dominant group, by virtue of its moral and intellectual leadership in society, secures the voluntary “consent” of the masses

Answer 15

hegemony

Question 16

A/An ______ can be defined as a group that shares distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns that distinguish it from others within the same culture or society

Answer 16

subculture

Question 17

Which political theorist developed the concept of hegemony?

Answer 17

Antonio Gramsci

Question 18

The idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships is fundamental to which of the following theories?

Answer 18

reflection theory

Question 19

What are the two building blocks of culture?

Answer 19

values and norms

Question 20

functional integration

Answer 20

members of society share similar ideas, smooth interactions that lead to preferred outcomes; people are on the same page in terms of their values, the way they respond to other people

Question 21

The Looking Glass Self was developed by:

Answer 21

Cooley

Question 22

The Looking Glass Self says:

Answer 22

each person has a self/distinct sense of the individual + we acquire our sense of self by seeing ourselves reflected in other’s attitudes & behaviors toward us

Question 23

In Mead’s theory of Role-Taking, who is “I”?

Answer 23

the subject or initiator of thoughts and actions

Question 24

In Mead’s theory of Role-Taking, who is “me”?

Answer 24

the self as an object; what others observe and respond to

Question 25

What was Freud’s theory?

Answer 25

Internal Dynamics: a 3 part model of the mind

Question 26

What are the 3 parts of the mind, according to Freud?

Answer 26

1. ID - biological drives
2. Ego - rational part of self that mediates between the ID & reality
3. Superego - conscience

Question 27

What are the four agents of socialization?

Answer 27

1. Family
2. Peers
3. Media
4. Schools

Question 28

Core concepts of society are:

Answer 28

1. social structure
2. social action
3. functional integration
4. power
5. culture