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Week 3 & 4 > Ch 3: Consciousness > Flashcards

Ch 3: Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

our subjective awareness of ourselves in our environment

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2
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity that is linked with cognition, whether it’s perception, thinking memory or language

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3
Q

cocktail party effect

A

that is when your ability to attend to only one voice with a Cee of many as you chat with a party guest.

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4
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

is the failure to see visible objects when your attention is directed elsewhere

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5
Q

Dual processing

A

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. “ We know more than we know we know”

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6
Q

Blindsight

A

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

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7
Q

Parallel processing

A

processing many aspects of a stimulus or problems simultaneously. Allows your mind to take care of routine business.

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8
Q

Sequential processing

A

is processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time (usually used to process new information or to solve difficult problems)

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9
Q

Sleep

A

is a natural loss of consciousness

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10
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

our biological clock that regulates things such as our temperature and wakefulness

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11
Q

Sleep Stages

A

Show stages: N1, N2, N3, N2, then REM
Each sleep cycle last approximately 90 minutes
Alpha waves: slow brain waves, that are characteristic of relaxed, and an awake state
Delta waves: large and slow brain waves that are associated with deep sleep
Hallucinations:
REM sleep: muscles are relaxed, heart rate roses, breathing becomes more rapid and irregular, rapid eye movements indicate dreaming has started

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12
Q

Alpha waves

A

slow brain waves, that are characteristic of relaxed, and an awake state

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13
Q

Delta waves

A

large and slow brain waves that are associated with deep sleep

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14
Q

Hallucinations

A
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15
Q

REM sleep

A

muscles are relaxed, heart rate roses, breathing becomes more rapid and irregular, rapid eye movements indicate dreaming has started

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16
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

functions to decrease the brains, pineal gland’s production of sleep-inducing, hormone, melatonin, in the morning and increase it in the evening.. basically modifying our feelings of sleepiness

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17
Q

Insomnia

A

Reccuring problems in falling and staying asleep

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18
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep

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19
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Stopping of breathing while asleep. associated with obesity, especially in men

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20
Q

Night terros

A

high arousal and appearance of being terrified

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21
Q

Substance disorders

A

a disorder characterized by a continued substance craving in youth, despite significant life, disruption and/or physical risks

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22
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

a chemical substance that altered perceptions in modes

23
Q

what are the three main categories of psychoactive drugs

A

depressants, simulans, and hallucinogens.

24
Q

Depressants

A

Examples are alcohol, barbiturates (tranquilizers), and opiates that work to calm neural activity and slow body functions

25
Q

Barbiturates

A

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety, but impairing, memory and judgement

26
Q

Opiates

A

opium, and it’s derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, depress your activity, temporarily less pain and anxiety

27
Q

Alcoholism

A

is when alcohol use is marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

28
Q

Stimulants

A

drugs that excites, neural activity and speeds of body functions, i.e. caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and ecstasy (aka MDMA or Molly).

29
Q

Hallucinogens

A

are psychedelic drugs, such as LSD (aka Acid) distort perceptions, any folks sensory images in the absence of sensory input

30
Q

MJ

A

a mild hallucinogen that causes sensitivity, the colors, sounds, taste, and smells it, disinhibits , and may produce a euphoria like alcohol

31
Q

Consciousness

A

The ability to be aware of oneself and the environment

32
Q

Meditation

A

Techniques used to reach focused attention and relaxation, sometimes to achieve a more transcendental state of consciousness

33
Q

MBSR

A

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction practice for patients to deal with stress

34
Q

Hypnosis

A

a process where the practitioner suggest changes in the sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behavior of the subject

35
Q

Sociocognitive theory

A

effects interact between the subject and the influence doing the hypnotizing

36
Q

Highway Hypnosis

A

term to describe the state of consciousness used to describe excessive fatigue experienced when driving on a monotonous road (I’ve experienced this when driving back home to Kingston)

37
Q

Unconscious

A

Total lack of awareness or unresponsive to yourself, the environment and stimuli aka neural inertia where different parts of the brain can “shut off” i.e. a coma

38
Q

Beta 13-30 Hz

A

rapid short waves when we’re alert and active and concentrated

39
Q

Alpha 8-13 Hz

A

when we’re relaxed, watching tv, daydreaming, in meditation

40
Q

Theta 4-8 Hz

A

found in frontal part of the brain when in a deep meditation

41
Q

Delta 0.5-4 Hz

A

found when we’re in a deep sleep

42
Q

Sensory Overload

A

when your senses are over-stimulated that can lead to exhaustion

43
Q

Selective Attention

A

is the brain’s way of dealing with sensory overload. It’s the body’s and brain’s way of reducing sensory overload. Ex. cocktail party phenomenon

44
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

when we miss and object because you are focused on something else at the moment.

45
Q

Change Blindness

A

when you miss when something in front of you changes but you fail to notice

46
Q

Sundowning

A

occurs with people that have Alzheimer’s where their symptoms are more prevalent later in the day

47
Q

Chronotype

A

individuals having different energy levels as the day draws on. People tend to have more energy in the afternoon to evening.

48
Q

Polysomnography

A

tool used to understand and measure the amount and the quality of sleep that measures EEG, respiration, jaw mvts, eye movements etc.

49
Q

5 Stages of sleep

A

Stage 1: drifting on edge of consciousness, Stage 2: light sleep that is more erratic, Stage 3 & 4: breathing and pulse have slowed down, REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Mvt) aka “Paradoxical Sleep”

50
Q

Active-synthesis theory

A

suggest random firing in the lower part of the brain in the cortex

51
Q

Information processing theory

A

says dreams are the brain’s way of processing what happened during the day at random

52
Q

Physiological functioning

A

theory to preserve our neural pathways active

53
Q

Dyssomnias

A

abnormalities in the amount, timing and quality of sleep

54
Q

Parasomnias

A

abnormal behavior during sleep

Week 3 & 4 (2 decks)

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