Ch 3: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What does the body store carbohydrate as?
Glycogen
Insulin is an ___ hormone, glucagon is a ____ hormone
Anabolic; catabolic
What is the recommended glucose infusion rate during critical illness?
No greater then 5 mg/kg/minute
Per the Health and Medicine Board (formally the IOM), how much fiber is recommended daily for adults?
The DRI for fiber for adults is 14 g per 1000 kcal ingested (25 g/day for women and 38 g/d for men)
Where is glycogen found in the body?
Liver and skeletal muscle
Glycolysis occurs under ____ conditions; gluconeogenesis occurs under ____ conditions
Fed; starved
What is involved in the hypermetabolic response to illness and injury (inflammatory metabolism)?
Negative nitrogen balance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and fatty acid oxidation/ mobilization.
What is gluconeogensis and where does it occur?
Endogenous formation of glucose; occurs mainly in the liver, but can also occur in kidney and small intestine under some conditions.
What is the minimum amount of CHO required to avoid ketone production?
50 grams
Why does stress hyperglycemia occur?
Occurs due to counter-regulatory hormones that oppose insulin action causing increased glucose production by the liver (epinephrine, cortisol, elevation in growth hormone and glucagon) and decreased utilization of glucose in peripheral tissues
What are the monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
