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AP Psych > Ch. 3 Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

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0
Q

Individual nerve cells; makes up our entire nervous system.

A

Neurons

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1
Q

The study of the parts and function of neurons.

A

Neuroanatomy

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2
Q

Rootlike parts of the cell that stretch out from the cell body; grow to make synaptic connections with other neurons.

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

Contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life.

A

Cell Body (Soma)

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4
Q

Wirelike structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body.

A

Axon

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5
Q

Fatty covering the axon of some neurons that speeds neural impulses.

A

Myelin Sheath

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6
Q

The branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters.

A

Terminal Buttons (synaptic knobs)

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7
Q

Chemicals contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate; fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons.

A

Neurotransmitters

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8
Q

The space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron.

A

Synapse

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9
Q

The three major sections of the brain.

A

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

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10
Q

Consists of structures in the top part of the spinal cord; life support system; controls the basic biological functions that keep us alive; contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

A

Hindbrain

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11
Q

Controls our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing; located above the spinal chord.

A

Medulla Oblongata

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12
Q

Located above the medulla and toward the front; connects the hindbrain with the midbrain and forebrain; involved in the control of facial expressions.

A

Pons

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13
Q

Located on the bottom rear of the brain; means little brain; coordinates some habitual muscle movements,

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

Area between the hindbrain and the forebrain and integrates some types of sensory information and muscle movements.

A

Midbrain

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15
Q

A netlike collection of cells throughout the midbrain that controls general body arousal and the ability to focus our attention; if it does not function, we fall into a deep coma.

A

Reticular Formation

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16
Q

These areas of the brain control what we think of as thought and reason; largest section of the brain; contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.

A

Forebrain

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17
Q

Located on top of the brain stem; responsible for receiving the sensory signals coming up the spinal cord and sending them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.

A

Thalamus

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18
Q

small structure right next to the thalamus; controls several metabolic functions, including body temperature, sexual arousal (libido), hunger, thirst, and the endocrine system.

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

Two arms surrounding the thalamus; Memories are processed through this area and then sent to other locations in the cerebral cortex for permanent storage; memories must pass through this area first in order to be encoded.

A

Hippocampus

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20
Q

Structures near the end of each hippocampal arm; vital to our experiences of emotion.

A

Amygdala

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21
Q

The group of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and deals with aspects of emotion and memory.

A

Limbic System

22
Q

The gray wrinkled surface of the brain that is a thin layer of densely packed neurons; As we develop and learn, the dendrites of the neurons grow and connect with other neurons.

A

Cerebral Cortex

23
Q

The wrinkles in the cerebral cortex; increases the available surface area of the brain.

A

Fissures

24
Q

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the right half of the body.

A

Left Hemisphere

25
Q

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the left half of the body (this concept is called contralateral control).

A

Right Hemisphere

26
Q

Specialization of function in each cerebral cortex hemisphere.

A

Brain lateralization or hemispheric specialization

27
Q

Patients whose corpus callosum (the nerve bundle that connects the two hemispheres) has been cut to treat severe epilepsy; cannot orally report information only presented to the right hemisphere.

A

Split-brain patients

28
Q

Pioneered the study of split-brain patients.

A

Roger Sperry (1913–1994) and Michael Gazzinga (1939–present).

29
Q

Any area of the cerebral cortex that it is not associated with receiving sensory information or controlling muscle movements.

A

Association area

30
Q

The three major sections of the brain.

A

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

31
Q

Consists of structures in the top part of the spinal cord; life support system; controls the basic biological functions that keep us alive; contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

A

Hindbrain

32
Q

Controls our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing; located above the spinal chord.

A

Medulla Oblongata

33
Q

Located above the medulla and toward the front; connects the hindbrain with the midbrain and forebrain; involved in the control of facial expressions.

A

Pons

34
Q

Located on the bottom rear of the brain; means little brain; coordinates some habitual muscle movements,

A

Cerebellum

35
Q

Area between the hindbrain and the forebrain and integrates some types of sensory information and muscle movements.

A

Midbrain

36
Q

A netlike collection of cells throughout the midbrain that controls general body arousal and the ability to focus our attention; if it does not function, we fall into a deep coma.

A

Reticular Formation

37
Q

These areas of the brain control what we think of as thought and reason; largest section of the brain; contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.

A

Forebrain

38
Q

Located on top of the brain stem; responsible for receiving the sensory signals coming up the spinal cord and sending them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.

A

Thalamus

39
Q

small structure right next to the thalamus; controls several metabolic functions, including body temperature, sexual arousal (libido), hunger, thirst, and the endocrine system.

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

Two arms surrounding the thalamus; Memories are processed through this area and then sent to other locations in the cerebral cortex for permanent storage; memories must pass through this area first in order to be encoded.

A

Hippocampus

41
Q

Structures near the end of each hippocampal arm; vital to our experiences of emotion.

A

Amygdala

42
Q

The group of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and deals with aspects of emotion and memory.

A

Limbic System

43
Q

The gray wrinkled surface of the brain that is a thin layer of densely packed neurons; As we develop and learn, the dendrites of the neurons grow and connect with other neurons.

A

Cerebral Cortex

44
Q

The wrinkles in the cerebral cortex; increases the available surface area of the brain.

A

Fissures

45
Q

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the right half of the body.

A

Left Hemisphere

46
Q

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the left half of the body (this concept is called contralateral control).

A

Right Hemisphere

47
Q

Specialization of function in each cerebral cortex hemisphere.

A

Brain lateralization or hemispheric specialization

48
Q

Patients whose corpus callosum (the nerve bundle that connects the two hemispheres) has been cut to treat severe epilepsy; cannot orally report information only presented to the right hemisphere.

A

Split-brain patients

49
Q

Pioneered the study of split-brain patients.

A

Roger Sperry (1913–1994) and Michael Gazzinga (1939–present).

50
Q

Any area of the cerebral cortex that is not associated with receiving sensory information or controlling muscle movements; areas are very active in various human thoughts and behaviors; i.e judgment and humor.

A

Association area

51
Q

Front of the frontal lobe thought to play a critical role in directing thought processes; acts as the brain’s central executive and is believed to be important in foreseeing consequences, pursuing goals, and maintaining emotional control; Phineas Gage.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

52
Q

In the frontal lobe (usually left hemisphere) and is responsible for controlling the muscles involved in producing speech.

A

Broca’s area

53
Q

Thin vertical strip at the back of the frontal lobe; this part of the cerebral cortex sends signals to our muscles, controlling our voluntary movements.

A

Motor Cortex

AP Psych (4 decks)

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