Ch. 2 Methods

Question 0

Research that has clear, practical applications; i.e determining which method is better to help people quit smoking.

Answer 0

Applied Research

Question 1

People’s tendency upon hearing about research findings to think that they knew it all along.

Answer 1

Hindsight Bias

Question 2

Research that explores questions that are of interest to psychologists but are not intended to have immediate, real-world applications; i.e studying how people form their attitudes about others and how people in different cultures define intelligence.

Answer 2

Basic Research

Question 3

Guides psychological research and expresses a relationship between two variables.

Answer 3

Hypothesis

Question 4

Things that can vary among the participants in the research.

Answer 4

Variables

Question 5

A change in the independent variable will produce this.

Answer 5

Dependent Variable

Question 6

Variable that the experimenter can voluntarily change.

Answer 6

Independent Variable

Question 7

Aims to explain some phenomenon and allows researchers to generate testable hypotheses with the hope of collecting supporting data.

Answer 7

Theory

Question 8

An explanation on how an experimenter will measure a variable.

Answer 8

Operational Definitions

Question 9

Measures what the researcher set out to measure; it is accurate.

Answer 9

Valid

Question 10

Research that can be replicating; it is consistent.

Answer 10

Reliable

Question 11

Individuals on which the research will be conducted.

Answer 11

Participants (or subjects)

Question 12

The process by which participants are selected.

Answer 12

Sampling

Question 13

Group of participants.

Answer 13

Sample

Question 14

Includes anyone or anything that could possibly be selected to be in the sample.

Answer 14

Population

Question 15

A group of subjects that represent a much larger and more diverse population.

Answer 15

Representative Sample

Question 16

Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected; increases the likelihood that the sample represents the population.

Answer 16

Random Selection

Question 17

A process that allows a researcher to ensure that the sample represents the population on some criteria.

Answer 17

Stratified Sampling

Question 18

Conducted in a lab, a highly controlled environment; these experiments can be controlled more easily.

Answer 18

Laboratory Experiments

Question 19

Conducted out in the world; more realistic research.

Answer 19

Field Experiments

Question 20

Any difference between the experimental and control conditions,

Answer 20

Confounding Variables