Ch. 3 Basic Principles of Heredity

Question 1

Who discovered Basic principles of Heredity?

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel “Father of Genetics” published findings in 1866

Question 2

What types of pod/seed/plant variation did Mendel note for the pea plant?

Answer 2

Seed color (yellow or green), Seed Shape (round or wrinkled), seed coat color (gray or white), pod color (yelow or green), pod shape (inflated or constricted), flower position (axial or terminal), stem length (short or tall)

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

inherited factor that determines characteristic

Question 4

alleles

Answer 4

different versions of same gene (hair color gene = 1 allele codes for brown hair and another allele codes for blonde hair).

Question 5

Locus or “loci”

Answer 5

Location on chromosome where alleles for any particular gene are found.

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

genetic set of alleles possessed by an individual organism

Question 7

heterozygote

Answer 7

an individual organism possessing two DIFFERENT alleles at a locus

Question 8

homozygote

Answer 8

an individual organism possessing two of the SAME alleles at a locus

Question 9

Phenotype or trait

Answer 9

The appearance or manifestation of a characteristic

Question 10

Characteristic

Answer 10

An attribute or feature possessed by an organism

Question 11

Monohybrid Crosses

Answer 11

crosses between parents that differed in a single characteristic

Question 12

P (parental) generation

Answer 12

The first generation of a cross

Question 13

F1 (filial 1) generation

Answer 13

the offspring of the parents in the p generation

Question 14

F2 (filial 2) generation

Answer 14

2nd generation (generation after F1)

Question 15

Reciprocal crosses

Answer 15

two different variations of a characteristic crossed and dominant typically shows

Question 16

Back cross

Answer 16

F1 mates with P (parent)

Question 17

Who’s experiments helped us understand sex linked traits?

Answer 17

1909 Morgan observed single white eyed male drosophila.