ch 3. Basic Operations/ch 4. Safety Issues Flashcards
the ultimate objective at a brush fire is to contain the fire to a given permitter by establishing a?
fire control line around it
What is an unfinished preliminary control line made as an emergency action to check the spread of the fire and to establish control of the perimeter
Scratch line
What is a firebreak that is wide enough for permanent control that can be used in a direct/indirect attack.
Constructed by personnel with tools or tractors
Control line
methods of extension
- Hose rolls
- Bucket Brigade
- Wet line/dry line method
- Continuous Line method
- downhill extension
- uphill extension
- pulling hose with helicopters
sling load capabilities of helicopter (smaller bell model 206) in lbs
750 lbs
weight of one section of 2 1/2”
38 lbs
weight of one section of 4”
49 lbs
bight of helicopter hose sling is how long
15-20’ from the end
who determines if a water shuttle operation is needed and what type will be used
Incident Commander
600’ hose bed will cover 528’ or
1/10 mile w/ sufficient slack
in a water relay, lay the lines ____ style
caravan
each engineer in a water relay should signal for water as soon as
completed his hook up
all pumps in relay will maintain ___ psi
180
The delivery to each succeeding pump in the line will be ___ gpm at __ psi positive pressure
900 gpm at 10 psi positive pressure
last pump of the relay operates at the pressure necessary to provide?
a good working stream at the nozzles
if shutdown is needed during relay, address which pump
at the hydrant only
in relay situation, shutdowns are always initiated
at the source of supply
*never shut water off at the nozzle
In relay; do not use shutoff butts. They will restrict the flow of water to approximately ___ gpm
450
how many apparatus per 1/10th mile for a relay
one apparatus plus one extra triple for the hydrant
minimum drops an engine company can do for an exposure lay
3 drops
Siphon ejectors reference by size, 1” or 1 1/2” is with regard to
inlet hose dimension
Ejector series 65-A 1” will supply how many 1” spray tips
one
Ejector series 67-A 1 1/2” will supply how many 1” spray tips at 75 nozzle pressure
three 1”
at grade level pump what to siphon ejector
60 psi
for every 10’ increase in head, inlet psi increases how much
20 psi per 10’
Swimming pool auxiliary water supply draft water through what size Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) pipe
4”
SPAWS system is comprised of how many feet of 4” white PVC pipe
110’
In most cases the SPAWS system can be deployed by a Task Force in less than how many minutes
10 minutes
During emergency operations the 4” PVC line may be easily cut with
- rotary saw with wood/metal cutting blade
- Cross cut wood saw
- Hack saw
Where can the spawn system be transported by
- Truck
- Department Helicopter
- Stake bed truck assigned to Valley Shops at FS 88
When transporting SPAWS system via helicopter the sliding doors remain open and the airspeed of the helicopter is limited to __ knots
80
Whose approval shall be obtained prior to backfiring
Incident Commander
Backfiring shall not be attempted unless
- all exposed structures are protected or
- all structures are considered at risk
what is burning grass or brush to create a firebreak
backfire
for brush; this phase is the same as overhauling at structure fire
cold trailing
what is considered a well constructed coldtrail
half in and half out of the burn
recommended width of the cold trail
somewhere between the same height as the brush and twice the height of the brush
what is necessary to prevent burning or smoldering objects such as cactus, pineapples, logs, etc from rolling downhill past the fireline
trench
A trench should never be less than ___ foot wide and ___ foot deep
1’ wide
1’ deep
In selecting tools for cold trailing, the most overlooked tool is
McCloud
Which hand tool is more versatile than the McCloud
round point shovel
What’s the worst thing for a shovel blade
Paint, mud and dirt stick to paint creating a big ball of mud and dirt
Coldtrailing team
- Pioneer- cut heavy limbs and brush
- Thrower-removes all loose limbs and throws brush cut by pioneer deep into the burn
- 3rd member scrapes to mineral earth removing duff and leaves
- Captain- inspect and guarantee cold trail is secure
Coldtrailing on a slope is easiest if done from the top down, but best if done
from bottom up
Helicopter landing pad(s) shall be located in the downwind ____ of the available area on a flat surface free of obstacles and debris
1/3
if radio traffic is heavy, method of indicating wind direction to pilot
Stand at the windward side of the helispot with your back to the wind and arms outstretched in front of you
how many protection line may serve two landing pads
single protection line
where is dry chem to be placed and remain there during the time helispot is in operation
at the wye
desired water flow (gpm) at the Helicopter Kam-lok
360 GPM
minimum clearance between landing pads (center to center)
150 feet
to prevent injury when connecting and disconnecting fill devices, Keep what on skid at all times
your foot
As the helicopter is filled with water its weight increases, causing the helicopter skids to spread up to __ inches towards the outside
6
For Dual Pad operation; each landing pad shall have what for each Kam-Lok assembly from the supply line
separate 2 1/2” hose line
It has been noted in prolonged wildland firefighting operations that the greatest number of injuries occur from fatigue due to ___
heat
Safe practice to prevent or minimize dehydration would include carrying
canteen of water
How many wildland watch out situations
18
How many interior firefighting watch outs
14
How many standard firefighting orders
10
the ten standard firefighting orders were developed by
US forest Service
Good examples of escape routes
- burned over areas
- firebreaks cleared spots
- roads
- never above the fire
what’s one of the most hazardous fire conditions facing the wildland firefighter
Spot fires
approach to work on a spot fire
DON’T GO DIRECTLY DOWNHILL TO WORK ON A SPOT FIRE: GO DOWN TO THE UPWIND SIDE, THEN OVER TO THE FIRE ON THE SAME LEVEL OR LOWER. THIS WILL HELP PROVIDE AN ESCAPE ROUTE.
Saddles can even lope large areas and burn with great rapidity back up the ridge because of what created by the saddle?
venturi type of vacuum created by the saddle and because of the rolling eddy that develops on the lee slope
what are danger signs to watch out for in a canyon bottoms
- Spot fires on the far side away from the main body of the fire. This is a sign that the fuel on the far side is pre-heating. The entire canyon fall could burst into flame without warning.
- Fire whirlwinds in the canyon bottom indicating unstable air. You may be able to move in after the fire bottoms the canyon and makes a move towards the opposite canyon wall. Once the fire starts up the opposite side of the canyon, you probably won’t be able to stop it short of the ridge.
fire shelter made of
aluminum bonded to a fiberglass cloth w/ nontoxic, high temp adhesive
Fire shelter will select ___ % of a flame front’s radiant heat
95%
The remaining 5% of radiant heat is absorbed by what?
the fire shelter
With prolonged exposure, inside the fire shelter’s temperature can exceed ___F
150F
After several training sessions, deployment can be accomplished in how many seconds
25 seconds or less
What are the two most important actions during entrapment
- Staying under your shelter
- Protecting airways, lungs, and skin by lying prone, face to the ground
NEVER WET YOURSELF DOWN
wet clothing conducts heat ___ times faster than dry clothing, making skin burns more likely
5x
Deployment site should be free of fuels. Scrape and clear an area of what size down to mineral soil?
4’ x 8’
flame fronts can generate winds of ___ mph or more, shelters must be held down firmly
50 mph
Keep your nose to the ground, approximately a ___ inch layer of cooler, cleaner air can be found at ground level
6”
During prolonged entrapment, temperatures within the fire shelter can range from
150F-200F
Studies indicate by taking short, shallow breaths through the nose, air as hot as ___F can be inhaled at LOW humidity for brief periods of time
400F
Inspect fire shelter when
- Monthly
- or after being carried by members in the field
What is the most common type of shelter damage
Abrasion
If you find a hole in the vinyl bag or the quick opening strip is broken
shelter is still serviceable and can be resealed with durable tape
If aluminum particles have turned the normally clear vinyl bag gray, what does this mean?
serious abrasion has occurred, remove shelter from service
Remove shelters from service when tears exceed ___ inch long
one
Shelters with dents or punctures in the foil over ___ inch wide or with ____ inch or more of foil missing shall be removed from service.
one
one half
