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Book 99- Brush Operations Manual > ch 3. Basic Operations/ch 4. Safety Issues > Flashcards

ch 3. Basic Operations/ch 4. Safety Issues Flashcards

1
Q

the ultimate objective at a brush fire is to contain the fire to a given permitter by establishing a?

A

fire control line around it

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2
Q

What is an unfinished preliminary control line made as an emergency action to check the spread of the fire and to establish control of the perimeter

A

Scratch line

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3
Q

What is a firebreak that is wide enough for permanent control that can be used in a direct/indirect attack.

Constructed by personnel with tools or tractors

A

Control line

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4
Q

methods of extension

A
  1. Hose rolls
  2. Bucket Brigade
  3. Wet line/dry line method
  4. Continuous Line method
  5. downhill extension
  6. uphill extension
  7. pulling hose with helicopters
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5
Q

sling load capabilities of helicopter (smaller bell model 206) in lbs

A

750 lbs

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6
Q

weight of one section of 2 1/2”

A

38 lbs

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7
Q

weight of one section of 4”

A

49 lbs

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8
Q

bight of helicopter hose sling is how long

A

15-20’ from the end

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9
Q

who determines if a water shuttle operation is needed and what type will be used

A

Incident Commander

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10
Q

600’ hose bed will cover 528’ or

A

1/10 mile w/ sufficient slack

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11
Q

in a water relay, lay the lines ____ style

A

caravan

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12
Q

each engineer in a water relay should signal for water as soon as

A

completed his hook up

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13
Q

all pumps in relay will maintain ___ psi

A

180

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14
Q

The delivery to each succeeding pump in the line will be ___ gpm at __ psi positive pressure

A

900 gpm at 10 psi positive pressure

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15
Q

last pump of the relay operates at the pressure necessary to provide?

A

a good working stream at the nozzles

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16
Q

if shutdown is needed during relay, address which pump

A

at the hydrant only

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17
Q

in relay situation, shutdowns are always initiated

A

at the source of supply

*never shut water off at the nozzle

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18
Q

In relay; do not use shutoff butts. They will restrict the flow of water to approximately ___ gpm

A

450

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19
Q

how many apparatus per 1/10th mile for a relay

A

one apparatus plus one extra triple for the hydrant

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20
Q

minimum drops an engine company can do for an exposure lay

A

3 drops

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21
Q

Siphon ejectors reference by size, 1” or 1 1/2” is with regard to

A

inlet hose dimension

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22
Q

Ejector series 65-A 1” will supply how many 1” spray tips

A

one

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23
Q

Ejector series 67-A 1 1/2” will supply how many 1” spray tips at 75 nozzle pressure

A

three 1”

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24
Q

at grade level pump what to siphon ejector

A

60 psi

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25
Q

for every 10’ increase in head, inlet psi increases how much

A

20 psi per 10’

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26
Q

Swimming pool auxiliary water supply draft water through what size Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) pipe

A

4”

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27
Q

SPAWS system is comprised of how many feet of 4” white PVC pipe

A

110’

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28
Q

In most cases the SPAWS system can be deployed by a Task Force in less than how many minutes

A

10 minutes

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29
Q

During emergency operations the 4” PVC line may be easily cut with

A
  1. rotary saw with wood/metal cutting blade
  2. Cross cut wood saw
  3. Hack saw
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30
Q

Where can the spawn system be transported by

A
  1. Truck
  2. Department Helicopter
  3. Stake bed truck assigned to Valley Shops at FS 88
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31
Q

When transporting SPAWS system via helicopter the sliding doors remain open and the airspeed of the helicopter is limited to __ knots

A

80

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32
Q

Whose approval shall be obtained prior to backfiring

A

Incident Commander

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33
Q

Backfiring shall not be attempted unless

A
  1. all exposed structures are protected or
  2. all structures are considered at risk
34
Q

what is burning grass or brush to create a firebreak

A

backfire

35
Q

for brush; this phase is the same as overhauling at structure fire

A

cold trailing

36
Q

what is considered a well constructed coldtrail

A

half in and half out of the burn

37
Q

recommended width of the cold trail

A

somewhere between the same height as the brush and twice the height of the brush

38
Q

what is necessary to prevent burning or smoldering objects such as cactus, pineapples, logs, etc from rolling downhill past the fireline

A

trench

39
Q

A trench should never be less than ___ foot wide and ___ foot deep

A

1’ wide
1’ deep

40
Q

In selecting tools for cold trailing, the most overlooked tool is

A

McCloud

41
Q

Which hand tool is more versatile than the McCloud

A

round point shovel

42
Q

What’s the worst thing for a shovel blade

A

Paint, mud and dirt stick to paint creating a big ball of mud and dirt

43
Q

Coldtrailing team

A
  1. Pioneer- cut heavy limbs and brush
  2. Thrower-removes all loose limbs and throws brush cut by pioneer deep into the burn
  3. 3rd member scrapes to mineral earth removing duff and leaves
  4. Captain- inspect and guarantee cold trail is secure
44
Q

Coldtrailing on a slope is easiest if done from the top down, but best if done

A

from bottom up

45
Q

Helicopter landing pad(s) shall be located in the downwind ____ of the available area on a flat surface free of obstacles and debris

A

1/3

46
Q

if radio traffic is heavy, method of indicating wind direction to pilot

A

Stand at the windward side of the helispot with your back to the wind and arms outstretched in front of you

47
Q

how many protection line may serve two landing pads

A

single protection line

48
Q

where is dry chem to be placed and remain there during the time helispot is in operation

A

at the wye

49
Q

desired water flow (gpm) at the Helicopter Kam-lok

A

360 GPM

50
Q

minimum clearance between landing pads (center to center)

A

150 feet

51
Q

to prevent injury when connecting and disconnecting fill devices, Keep what on skid at all times

A

your foot

52
Q

As the helicopter is filled with water its weight increases, causing the helicopter skids to spread up to __ inches towards the outside

A

6

53
Q

For Dual Pad operation; each landing pad shall have what for each Kam-Lok assembly from the supply line

A

separate 2 1/2” hose line

54
Q

It has been noted in prolonged wildland firefighting operations that the greatest number of injuries occur from fatigue due to ___

A

heat

55
Q

Safe practice to prevent or minimize dehydration would include carrying

A

canteen of water

56
Q

How many wildland watch out situations

A

18

57
Q

How many interior firefighting watch outs

A

14

58
Q

How many standard firefighting orders

A

10

59
Q

the ten standard firefighting orders were developed by

A

US forest Service

60
Q

Good examples of escape routes

A
  1. burned over areas
  2. firebreaks cleared spots
  3. roads
  4. never above the fire
61
Q

what’s one of the most hazardous fire conditions facing the wildland firefighter

A

Spot fires

62
Q

approach to work on a spot fire

A

DON’T GO DIRECTLY DOWNHILL TO WORK ON A SPOT FIRE: GO DOWN TO THE UPWIND SIDE, THEN OVER TO THE FIRE ON THE SAME LEVEL OR LOWER. THIS WILL HELP PROVIDE AN ESCAPE ROUTE.

63
Q

Saddles can even lope large areas and burn with great rapidity back up the ridge because of what created by the saddle?

A

venturi type of vacuum created by the saddle and because of the rolling eddy that develops on the lee slope

64
Q

what are danger signs to watch out for in a canyon bottoms

A
  1. Spot fires on the far side away from the main body of the fire. This is a sign that the fuel on the far side is pre-heating. The entire canyon fall could burst into flame without warning.
  2. Fire whirlwinds in the canyon bottom indicating unstable air. You may be able to move in after the fire bottoms the canyon and makes a move towards the opposite canyon wall. Once the fire starts up the opposite side of the canyon, you probably won’t be able to stop it short of the ridge.
65
Q

fire shelter made of

A

aluminum bonded to a fiberglass cloth w/ nontoxic, high temp adhesive

66
Q

Fire shelter will select ___ % of a flame front’s radiant heat

A

95%

67
Q

The remaining 5% of radiant heat is absorbed by what?

A

the fire shelter

68
Q

With prolonged exposure, inside the fire shelter’s temperature can exceed ___F

A

150F

69
Q

After several training sessions, deployment can be accomplished in how many seconds

A

25 seconds or less

70
Q

What are the two most important actions during entrapment

A
  1. Staying under your shelter
  2. Protecting airways, lungs, and skin by lying prone, face to the ground
71
Q

NEVER WET YOURSELF DOWN

wet clothing conducts heat ___ times faster than dry clothing, making skin burns more likely

A

5x

72
Q

Deployment site should be free of fuels. Scrape and clear an area of what size down to mineral soil?

A

4’ x 8’

73
Q

flame fronts can generate winds of ___ mph or more, shelters must be held down firmly

A

50 mph

74
Q

Keep your nose to the ground, approximately a ___ inch layer of cooler, cleaner air can be found at ground level

A

6”

75
Q

During prolonged entrapment, temperatures within the fire shelter can range from

A

150F-200F

76
Q

Studies indicate by taking short, shallow breaths through the nose, air as hot as ___F can be inhaled at LOW humidity for brief periods of time

A

400F

77
Q

Inspect fire shelter when

A
  1. Monthly
  2. or after being carried by members in the field
78
Q

What is the most common type of shelter damage

A

Abrasion

79
Q

If you find a hole in the vinyl bag or the quick opening strip is broken

A

shelter is still serviceable and can be resealed with durable tape

80
Q

If aluminum particles have turned the normally clear vinyl bag gray, what does this mean?

A

serious abrasion has occurred, remove shelter from service

81
Q

Remove shelters from service when tears exceed ___ inch long

A

one

82
Q

Shelters with dents or punctures in the foil over ___ inch wide or with ____ inch or more of foil missing shall be removed from service.

A

one
one half

Book 99- Brush Operations Manual (4 decks)

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