Ch. 3, Areas of the Brain ; Term First Flashcards
Right Hemisphere
Prosody (tone of voice)
Perceptual grouping
Face perception
Left Hemisphere
Speech
Language comprehension
Facial expression
Motion Detection
Lizard Brain
Brain stem and cerebellum
Autopilot
Fight and Flight
Mammal Brain
Limbic System
Emotions
Memories
Habits
Attachments
Human Brain
Neo-Cortex
Language
Abstract thought
Imagination
Consciousness
Reasoning
Rationalizing
The brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Reticular Formation
Midbrain
Sound triggered reflexes
Visual tracking
Pons
Controls breathing
Relays sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance to the cortex and subcortex
The bridge between cortex and cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
controls autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood pressure
vital reflexes such as swallowing and coughing
Reticular Formation
Arousal (and sleep)
Attention
Stimulation from caffeine is largely due to the effect it has on the reticular formation
The cerebellum
Balance and coordination
Fine motor skills
Timing
It is estimated that the cerebellum has three to four times as many neurons as the cerebral cortex
Limbic System
processes information about internal states and emotion
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Basal ganglia
thalamus
Each half is like a walnut
Most sensory information is processed here before traveling to the cortex (hub for information to and from all the sensory systems, except for smell)
Regulates sensory inputs, such as relaying less info about the outside world during sleep
hypothalamus
maintains internal states
The 4 Fs
Feeding
Fight or Flight
Fever (body temp)
Sexual activity
Connects the central nervous system and the endocrine system, regulating functions including hunger, reward seeking, and aggression
amygdala
processes emotions of excitement and fear. Adds emotional significance to our senses, thoughts, and memories.
Damage makes it hard to:
Appreciate dangerous situations
Notice fear in others
hippocampus
responsible for memory formation and is important for navigating the environment. Also allow you to remember emotionally important moments and envision your hopes/fears for the future.
Especially spatial
Might be first stop for new memories before they enter long-term storage in the cortex
Removed in HM due to epilepsy leading to the inability to form new memories
basal ganglia
involved in movement and motor planning
Degeneration of the basal ganglia may be involved in Parkinson’s Disease and Tourette’s Syndrome
corpus callosum
a bundle of fibers that lets the two hemispheres communicate.
Cutting the corpus callosum results in “split-brain” patients by Roger Sperry
Frontal cortex (Frontal Lobe)
higher cognitive functions.
Prefrontal cortex
Broca’s area
Motor cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Planning, judgment, problem-solving
Broca’s area
Language production
Motor cortex
Voluntary motor movements
Parietal lobe
Supports the sense of touch and a map of your body’s skin surface.
Helps you pay attention to and locate objects.
Perception and sensation
Contains the primary sensory cortex
Damage can lead to hemispatial neglect
Temporal lobe
It’s by your temples!
Recognizing objects and people
Memory
Hearing
Understanding language
Contains Wernike’s area (“word salad” if damaged)
Occipital lobe
Vision
Insular lobe
Lies beneath frontal and parietal
Allows us to perceive the inside of our bodies, permitting us to feel internal pain.
Involved in sensing internal states like taste, awareness of internal organs, maintaining homeostasis, diverse roles
