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Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator > Ch. 3 Apparatus Safety And Operating Emergency Vehicles > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Apparatus Safety And Operating Emergency Vehicles Flashcards

1
Q

What is NFPA 1002?

A

Standard for fire apparatus driver operator professional qualifications

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2
Q

What is NFPA 1001?

A

Standard for firefighter professional qualifications

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3
Q

What abilities and skills should drivers possess? P80

A 
Reading skills 
computer skills 
writing skills 
mathematical skills 
physical fitness
 visual acuity (NFPA 1582)
adequate hearing (NFPA 1582)
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4
Q

Unless specifically exempt, fire driver/ operators are subject to any statute, rule, regulation, or ordinance that governs any other vehicle operator. P83

A

Ignorance of the law does not limit your liability for failing to follow it. Failure to follow appropriate laws and policies may endanger fire personnel and/or civilians

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5
Q

What are some exemptions for emergency vehicles when responding to an emergency using audible and visual warning devices? P 84

A

Speed limits
direction of travel
direction of turns
parking statutes and ordinances

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6
Q

What is reckless disregard? P 84

A

An act of proceeding to do something with a conscious awareness of danger, while ignoring any potential consequences of so doing

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7
Q

What is negligence? P 84

A

When the driver has been found guilty of a gross violation of standing laws, policies, or ordinances

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8
Q

What is gross negligence? P84

A

Willful and wanton disregard.

Acting with recklessness. 

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9
Q

What is due regard? P84

A

To drive with “due regard” for the safety of others using the highways

Obey all traffic control devices and rules of the road during nonemergency driving

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10
Q

The most common place for a collision to occur is at an intersection. P 85

A

When a driver drives with due caution and is fully aware of surrounding traffic, collisions are much less likely to occur.

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11
Q

What is situational awareness? P 85

A

Perception of one’s surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events

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12
Q

What are the seven basic causes of fire apparatus collision? P 86

A 
improper backing 
Reckless driving 
excessive speed 
lack of driving skills and experience overloading and misuse 
mechanical failure 
driver personal readiness
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13
Q

What actions are considered reckless when driving a piece of fire apparatus? P 86

A

Driving at an excessive speed

Letting the apparatus run off a paved surface, onto a soft road shoulder

Attempting to read a map, electronic device, talking on his cell phone, or texting while driving

Failing to abide by posted weight limits

Following too close behind other apparatus or other vehicles

Failing to obey posted traffic regulations or directions

Feeling yield to other responding emergency vehicles

Reacting with panic or unpredictable behavior to an approaching emergency vehicle

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14
Q

Drivers should develop a safety conscious attitude. It is critically important to remain calm and drive in a safe manner. P86

A

Consider the public image of your department.

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15
Q

What is brake fade? P 87

A

Loss of breaking function which occurs due to excessive use of the brakes

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16
Q

What are some reasons for lack of driving skills? P88

A

Overconfidence in your driving ability

Inability to recognize a dangerous situation

False sense of security because of a good driving record

Misunderstanding of apparatus capabilities

Insufficient training on a piece of apparatus

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17
Q

What is overloading and misuse? P 88

A

Overloading, non-engineered modifications, and miss use. Design limitations are exceeded or the apparatus is modified from a original configuration and design. Resulting in unsafe operation

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18
Q

What are some causes of driver impairment? P89

A
  • Substance abuse
  • prescription drug and some OTC drugs taken as directed
  • personal issues
  • death in the family
  • illness
  • depression
  • fatigue
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19
Q

Firefighters should never be allowed to ride the Tailboard, front bumper, or running boards of any moving apparatus. This is specifically prohibited by NFPA 1500. P 92

A
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20
Q

When preparing to start the apparatus, wait for an emergency response or routine trip, the driver first know…. P94

A

The destination and route of travel

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21
Q

What is a high exhaust system temperature (HEST) indicator? P94

A

Light when the exhaust system is very hot, usually due to an active regeneration in process 

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22
Q

What is a DPF indicator? P94

A

Lights to indicate that the DPF is loading up with soot 

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23
Q

What is a manual (parked) regeneration switch? P 94

A

Allows the driver to manually initiate an active regeneration to burn off the DPF soot load

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24
Q

What is a regeneration inhibit switch? P94

A

Allows the driver to keep the engine from initiating an active regeneration process

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25
Q

Active regeneration can occur in two manners, which are….. P95

A

AUTOMATIC MODE. When the engine load, exhaust temperature, and engine speed are within an acceptable range.

MANUAL (PARKED) MODE. Allows the cleaning of the DPF in stationary truck operations and requires operator involvement to initiate.

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26
Q

an idling time of …… minutes is sufficient. P95

A

Three to five minutes.

A hot engine should go to the normal operating temperature

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27
Q

Shutting down an engine without sufficient cool down may result in the following…? P 95

A

Immediate increase of engine temperature from lack of coolant circulation

Oil film “burning” on hot surfaces

Damage to heads and exhaust manifolds

Damage to the turbocharger that can result in seizure

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28
Q

What is the Angle of approach? P 97

A

Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest lowest projection at the front of the apparatus.

29
Q

What is the angle of departure? P 97

A

Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear of the apparatus

30
Q

What is the break over angle? P 97

A

Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheelbase midpoint

31
Q

What is the law of inertia? P98

A

Objects in motion tend to remain in motion; objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force

32
Q

How do you best prevent engine damage? P 98

A

Limit downhill speed to lower than maximum rpm

Engine speed faster than the rated rpm can result in engine damage

33
Q

What is engine lugging ? P 99

A

It occurs when the throttle is applied when a manual transmission is in too high a gear for the demand on the engine

34
Q

What is over throttling ? P 99

A

Process of injecting or supply the diesel engine with more fuel that can be burned off.

Results in an excessive amount of carbon particles in the exhaust, oil dilution, and additional fuel consumption

35
Q

There are ______ locations in the US where there is less than _____ feet following the railroad tracks. These sites account for an average of ____ accidents annually. P99

A

19,824 locations
100 feet
122 accidents

36
Q

It may take ____ to ____ times greater distance for a vehicle to come to a complete stop on snow and ice than it does on dry pavement. P99

A

3 to 15 times

37
Q

What are some guidelines to help avoid potential collisions ? P100

A
  • Aim high in steering.
  • Get the big picture.
  • Keep your eyes moving.
  • Leave yourself an out.
  • Maintain enough distance from the vehicle ahead and pull out of traffic safely if the need arises.
  • Make sure that others can see and hear you.
38
Q

At speeds above ____mph, any emergency vehicle made outrun the effective range of its audible warning device. P101

A

50 mph

39
Q

In some instances, increasing the speed of an apparatus by ____ mph can decrease the audible distance by ____ feet or more. P101

A

20 mph

250 feet

40
Q

When more than one emergency vehicle is responding along the same route, they should travel at least ___ to ____ feet apart. P101

A

300 to 500 feet

41
Q

What are some guidelines when passing of the vehicles to ensure safety? P104

A

Always travel on the innermost (fast lane) on multi lane roads

Avoid passing vehicles on the right side

Be certain that opposing lanes of traffic are clear before crossing the centerline

Avoid passing other emergency vehicles if it all possible. 

42
Q

What is visual lead time? P105

A

The time needed to stop the apparatus or perform innovasive maneuver at the current rate of speed

It will determine whether or not reaction time and stopping distances will be sufficient in an emergency

43
Q

What is braking distance? P105

A

The distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop

44
Q

What is total stopping distance? P105

A

The sum of the driver reaction distance and the vehicle breaking distance

45
Q

What is reaction distance? P105

A

The distance to the apparatus travels while the driver transfers his or her foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal After perceiving the need for stopping

46
Q

What are factors that affect the drivers ability to stop the apparatus? P105

A

Road conditions and slope of driving surface.
Speed of apparatus.
Weight of the vehicle.
Type and condition of the vehicles tires and braking system.

47
Q

What is a skid? P107

A

An uncontrolled slide across the surface in a wheeled vehicle.

48
Q

Two common types of skidding are? P108

A

Acceleration and locked wheel skids

49
Q

What is an acceleration skid? P108

A

Accelerated skids usually occur when the gas pedal is applied to quickly

The wheels lose traction on the road surface

50
Q

What is a locked wheel skid? P 108

A

Generally results from braking too hard at a high rate of speed. The vehicle will skid no matter which way the steering wheel is turned

51
Q

What are some of the most common causes involving driver error in skidding? P108

A

Driving too fast for road conditions.
Failing to anticipate obstacles.
Improper use of auxiliary breaking devices. Improper maintenance of tire air pressure and adequate tread depth

52
Q

NFPA 1901 requires that all apparatus with a GVWR of ____ pounds or greater be equipped with an auxiliary braking system. P109

A

36,000 lbs

53
Q

What are the four types of auxiliary brakes used to aid the foundation breaks in slowing a vehicle? P109

A

Exhaust brake.
Engine compression brake.
Transmission output retarder. Electromagnetic retarder.

54
Q

What four functions determine the amount of retardation force available for any auxiliary braking system? P109

A

Vehicle speed, engine speed, temperature, and control strategy. 

55
Q

Which auxiliary brakes provide the highest level of braking torque and are unaffected by transmission gear shift changes? P109

A

Transmission output retarders and electromagnetic retarders

56
Q

Which is the least capable of the four auxiliary brake devices? P110

A

Exhaust brake. 

57
Q

What is a engine compression brake? P110

A

Convert the mechanical energy of the vehicle into heat by compressing the engine intake air and then discharging the pressure to the atmosphere to the exhaust.

It has no impact on engine temperature

58
Q

How does an electromagnetic retarded work? P110

A

It is either mounted in the driveline, or supplied as an integral part of the rear axle. An electromagnetic field is created by supplying electrical power to a series of coils in the retarder. This field inhibits the rotation of the rotor and create a braking torque at the rear wheels. 

Electromagnetic retarders will experience some loss of effectiveness at high temperatures

59
Q

How do transmission output retarders work? P110

A

It uses the Visco‘s property of the automatic transmission fluid to retard the driveline. Transmission fluid is introduced into the retarder housing and energy is absorbed into the fluid to the opposing action of spinning veins. It retards the vehicle through the we wheels and add heat to the transmission fluid. Heat is dissipated to the transmission cooler and radiator

60
Q

What is automatic traction control? P111

A

It automatically reduces engine torque and applies the brakes to wheels that have lost traction and begin to spin. This transfers torque to the wheels that still have traction, which helps improve overall traction on slippery roads.

61
Q

What is interaxle differential lock? P111

A

It allows for speed differences between the rear driving axles. It allows the operator to lock out the interaxle differential action between the rear tandem driving axles, creating one solid drive line between the rear axles.

Each axle recientes full torque from the engine.

62
Q

What are the two types of stability control systems to help prevent rollovers and tipping?p112

A

Roll stability controls (RSC) and electronic stability controls (ESC)

63
Q

What is role stability control (RSC)? P112

A

It is integrated into the ABS system. Includes a lateral accelerometer that senses when the side force caused by cornering approaches a rollover threshold

64
Q

What is electronic stability control? P112

A

It is a more capable system than RSC. ESC applies the brakes independently to aim the vehicle in the direction that the operator positions the steering wheel. Most ESC systems also reduce engine power until controlled is regained

65
Q

Where should the spotter be positioned when preparing to back the apparatus? P114

A

The spotter should be positioned in the vision of the driver, preferably on the left side mirror, approximately 8 to 10 feet behind and slightly to the left of the apparatus

66
Q

What is the best side for the spotter to be on? P114

A

The best side for the spotter is on the driver side of the apparatus if there is only one spotter

67
Q

What are the six hand signals that may be used to maintain clear communication between the spotter and the driver? P115

A

Backing straight.
Backing toward the left side of the apparatus.
Backing toward the right side of the apparatus.
Slowing down.
Stopping.
Pull forward and reestablish backing

68
Q

What is NFPA 1451? P118

A

Standard for a fire and emergency service vehicle operations training program

Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator (4 decks)

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