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Psych 262: Behavioral Neuro > Ch 3: Anotmoy Of Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch 3: Anotmoy Of Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Located outside skull and spine

Brings info into and out of CNS

Somatic and autonomic

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3
Q

Somatic NS

A

Carry sensory Info to CNS from skin and musculature and contains motor fibers

Afferent neurons: Arrive- sensory info to CNS
Efferent neurons: Exit- sensory info out to muscle and glands

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4
Q

Autonomic

A

Involuntary PNS

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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5
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight: prepares body to cope with emergency stress or arousing situation

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6
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and restore

Conserve energy and promote vegetative functions of body

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7
Q

CNS structure

A

Encased in bone and covered by 3 meninges

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8
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough outer layer of CNS meninges

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9
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Web like( second layer in CNS meninges)

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10
Q

Pia mater

A

Adheres to CNS surface (thin translucent)

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11
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Fluid serves as cushion in CNS

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12
Q

Cerebral ventricles

A

Fluid filled caverns and canals inside brain

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13
Q

CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) advantages

A
  1. Buoyancy: reduces momentum and acceleration of brain when displaced
  2. Garbage collector: removes waste products from neuronal meta.
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14
Q

Hydrocephalus (water head)

A

Flow of CSF from ventricular system to the subarachnoid. space impaired causing swelling of ventricles

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15
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Arrangements of endothelial cells: (tightly joins to one another) that form walls of capillaries

Needed because mature brain doesn’t replace most neurons.

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16
Q

Functions of B. B. B.

A
  1. Protects brain from foreign substances in blood that may injure brain
  2. Protects brain from hormones and neurotransmitters in rest of body
  3. Maintains constant environment
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17
Q

Neurons

A

Specialized cells for the reception conduction and transmission of electrochemical signals

18
Q

Cell membrane

A

Lipid bilayer with signal proteins and channel proteins embedded in it

19
Q

Solutions to discovering cells that make up brain

A
  1. Compound microscope
  2. mircotome: ability to fix tissue and make thin slices
  3. nissl stain: development of stains, color some but not all parts
20
Q

Nissl staining important aspects

A
  1. Distinguishes neurons and glia from one another

2. Study Cytoarchitecture in diff brain areas

21
Q

Golgi stain

A

Highlighted a small number of neurons in entirely

  1. Swalen central region
  2. Thin tubes that radiate from cell body called neurites (axons and dendrites)
22
Q

Golgi’s view

A

Neurites of cells fused together to form network = reticular

23
Q

Cajal’s view

A

Neurites not continuous but do come in contact. Communicate by contact = neuron doctrine

24
Q

Gilal cells

A

Forgotten cells, support neurons, outnumber neurons, gilal communication and modulatory

25
Q

Oliogodendrocities

A

Gilal class

Rich in myelin create myelin sheath

26
Q

Schwann cells

A

Gilal class

Similar to myelin but in PNS, guide axonal regeneration

27
Q

Astrocytes

A

Gilal cells

Largest, star shaped, many functions

28
Q

Microglia

A

Gilal class

Response to injury or disease

29
Q

Horizontal plane

A

A slice parallel to the ground

30
Q

Frontal plane

A

Slicing bread/ salami

31
Q

Saggital plane

A

Seperates left and right halves

32
Q

5 major divisions of brain

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencepahlon, mylenceohalon

33
Q

Hindbrain

A

Metencepahlon, mylenceohalon

34
Q

Mylencephalon

A

Origin of reticular formation, largely of tracts

Medulla

Medulla oblongata: controls a number of reflexes( heart rate, breathing, vomiting, sneezing)

35
Q

Metencepahlon

A

Many tracts
Pons-ventral surface

Cerebellum: sensorimotor coordination and balance may be more active in organizing sensory info that guides Movement

Pons: (bridge) many axons cross from one side of brain to to other. Nuclei for several cranial nerves

36
Q

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

Textum: (roof) 2 swelling

  1. Superior colliculus: vesicles orienting
  2. Inferior colliculus: auditory

Tegmentum: periqueductal gray- pain
Substancia Nigra- motor movement
Ventral tegmental area- reward

37
Q

Substancia Nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease- neurons are dying off ( dopamine degenerating )

To solve give levidopa: gets synthesized into dopamine

38
Q

Forebrain

A

Diencephalon, telencephalon

39
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus: several different nuclei. Relay sensory into cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus: motivated behaviors, feeding, drinking, sex (below thalamus)

40
Q

Telencephalon (cerebral cortex)

A

Serve to increase surface area

Corpus collosum: largest hemisphere- connecting tract

Longitudinal fissure: groove that separates right and left hemis.

41
Q

Telencephalon subcortical structures

A

Limbic system: regulation of motivated behaviors (mammillary bodies, hippocampus, amaygdala, fornix, cingulate, septum)

Basal Ganglia: motor system (amaygdala, striatum, globus pallidus)

Damage to basal= Parkinson’s

Allows us to perform movements to obtain rewards

Psych 262: Behavioral Neuro (10 decks)

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