Ch 1 And Ch 2: Intro, Evolution, Genetics, Experience Flashcards
Experiments
Cause and effect relationships
Between and within subject designs
Independent and dependent variables
Non experiments
Confound variables have not been controlled
Quasiexperimental studies
Non experiment.
Studies of groups of subjects exposed to conditions in the real world
Case studies
Non experimental
Focus on a single case or subject
In depth
Testable hypotheses
Major problem in generalizability: degree to which results can be applied to other cases
Depression in animals
Reserpine: causes depletion of the mono amines serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine= depressive like behaviors
Pure research
Conducted for the purpose of acquiring knowledge
Applied research
Intended to bring about some direct benefit for humankind
Physiological psych
Studies neural mechanisms of behavior
Uses direct manipulation of brain in controlled experiment
Usually lab animals
Pure research
Psychopharmacology
Similar to physiological psych
Focus on manipulation of neural activity and behavior with drugs
Some applied research
Comparative psych
Biology of behavior
Compares diff species to understand evolution, genetics, adaptivity
Lab and ethological research
Comparative analysis
Neuropsych
Psychological effects of brain damage in human patients
Only non experimental ways
Focus on cerebral cortex
Mostly applied research
Psychophysiology
Relation between physiological activity and physiological processes in human subjects
Non invasive procedures (eeg)
Cognitive Neuro
Newer
Focuses on the neural bases of cognition
Employs human subjects
Functional brain imaging techniques
Monomism
Brain and mind are same physical entity
Dualism
Brain and mind are separate entities
Trepanation
Procedure of drilling holes into skull
17th century
Hydraulic controlled devices = brain machine like
Ventricles
End 18th century
Understanding nervous system
- Injury disrupts sensation and movements and death
- brain communicates body
- Diff identifiable parts
- Machine and follows laws
Galvani and Dubois reymond
Muscles twitch when brain stimulated with electricity
Brain conducts electricity
19th century
Pierre flourens: ablation pigeon: cerebellum lesion
Paul broca: left frontal lobe; understand Lang but not speak
Charles Darwin:
- theory of evolution: how species develop and die off
- described structural similarities between species
- mechanism of evolution: natural selection
Churchlands: capacities of human brain are capacities of human mind
-reductionism
Darwin observation
Mammalian species exhibit some reaction when frightened or aroused
Natural selection
Heritable traits associated with high rates of survival and reproduction are most likely passed on
Experiments
Cause and effect relationships
Between and within subject designs
Independent and dependent variables
Non experiments
Confound variables have not been controlled
Quasiexperimental studies
Non experiment.
Studies of groups of subjects exposed to conditions in the real world
Case studies
Non experimental
Focus on a single case or subject
In depth
Testable hypotheses
Major problem in generalizability: degree to which results can be applied to other cases
Depression in animals
Reserpine: causes depletion of the mono amines serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine= depressive like behaviors
Pure research
Conducted for the purpose of acquiring knowledge
Applied research
Intended to bring about some direct benefit for humankind
Physiological psych
Studies neural mechanisms of behavior
Uses direct manipulation of brain in controlled experiment
Usually lab animals
Pure research
Psychopharmacology
Similar to physiological psych
Focus on manipulation of neural activity and behavior with drugs
Some applied research
Comparative psych
Biology of behavior
Compares diff species to understand evolution, genetics, adaptivity
Lab and ethological research
Comparative analysis
Neuropsych
Psychological effects of brain damage in human patients
Only non experimental ways
Focus on cerebral cortex
Mostly applied research
Psychophysiology
Relation between physiological activity and physiological processes in human subjects
Non invasive procedures (eeg)
Cognitive Neuro
Newer
Focuses on the neural bases of cognition
Employs human subjects
Functional brain imaging techniques
Monomism
Brain and mind are same physical entity
Dualism
Brain and mind are separate entities
Trepanation
Procedure of drilling holes into skull
17th century
Hydraulic controlled devices = brain machine like
Ventricles
End 18th century
Understanding nervous system
- Injury disrupts sensation and movements and death
- brain communicates body
- Diff identifiable parts
- Machine and follows laws
Galvani and Dubois reymond
Muscles twitch when brain stimulated with electricity
Brain conducts electricity
19th century
Pierre flourens: ablation pigeon: cerebellum lesion
Paul broca: left frontal lobe; understand Lang but not speak
Charles Darwin:
- theory of evolution: how species develop and die off
- described structural similarities between species
- mechanism of evolution: natural selection
Churchlands: capacities of human brain are capacities of human mind
-reductionism
Darwin observation
Mammalian species exhibit some reaction when frightened or aroused
Natural selection
Heritable traits associated with high rates of survival and reproduction are most likely passed on
Moniz
Won Nobel prize for prefrontal lobotomy: separates prefrontal cortex from rest of brain as a treatment for mental illness
Because of Becky, a chimpanzee who was upset from making errors during food rewarded task but did not do so following a lesion
