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Building Construction > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most critical aspects of engineering design for a building

A

Type and magnitude of forces

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2
Q

What is the force acting on the inside of a structure called

A

Stress

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3
Q

What is the support system that resists loads called

A

Reaction

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4
Q

Equilibrium exists when

A

Support a load equal or greater to applied load

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5
Q

When does total collapse happen

A

Loss of equilibrium

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6
Q

What is a common reaction of a horizontal component

A

Bending

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7
Q

What is the most common load on a structure

A

Gravity

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8
Q

What are the common sources of vibration on a structure

A

N
B
E

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9
Q

What causes structural members to expand and contract

A

Temp

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10
Q

What changes the direction of force within a structure

A

Shrinkage

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11
Q

What is classified as the direction of force within a material

A

Stresses

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12
Q

What pulls material apart

A

Tension

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13
Q

What squeezes material together

A

Compression

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14
Q

What slides material past adjacent plane

A

Shear

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15
Q

What loads causes unique stresses on external alignments

A

A L
T L
E L

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16
Q

What load is in a fixed location

A

Dead

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17
Q

What load is not in a fixed location

A

Live

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18
Q

What load is applied steadily or gradually

A

Static

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19
Q

What loads involves motion

A

Dynamic

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20
Q

What load produces localized forces

A

Concentrated

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21
Q

What type of load is water

A

Live

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22
Q

What kind of pressure is applied by winds

A

Direct

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23
Q

What is the primary consideration when designing buildings to with stain wind

A

Direct pressure

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24
Q

What locations can walls be insufficiently braced

A

Construction
Demo
Fire buildings

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25
Q

What is the most complicated load that must be accounted for

A

Seismic forces

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26
Q

What is the typical life span of a building

A

50 yrs

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27
Q

What are the most significant forces of an earthquake

A

Horizontal movement

Lateral loads

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28
Q

What increases the flexibility of a connection

A

Expansion joist

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29
Q

What isolates buildings from horizontal movements

A

Base isolation

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30
Q

What bracing is effective against ground motions

A

S W

C B

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31
Q

What type of load does soil exert

A

Lateral

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32
Q

What pressure is soil against the foundation

A

Active

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33
Q

What pressure is the foundation against the soil

A

Passive

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34
Q

What structural member carries a perpendicular load

A

Beam

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35
Q

What beam is free to rotate

A

Simple support

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36
Q

What type of beam resist bending

A

Cantilever

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37
Q

What beam commonly supports balconies

A

Cantilever

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38
Q

What flange carries comprehensive stress

A

Top

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39
Q

What flange carries tensile stress

A

Bottom

40
Q

What is the centerline of the web known as

A

Neutral axis

41
Q

What structural member supports axial load

A

Column

42
Q

How do tall, thin columns fail

A

Buckle

43
Q

How do short columns fail

A

Crushing

44
Q

What force do arches produce

A

Inclined

45
Q

What are arches most often used for

A

Roofs

Entrance to masonry buildings

46
Q

What buildings are arches most often used in

A

Masonry

47
Q

Cables are usually made of

A

Steel

48
Q

What structural member are made of triangles

A

Trusses

49
Q

What are the top and bottom members of a struss called

A

Chords

50
Q

What is the typical distance of a truss span

A

22-70ft

51
Q

Modern trusses may exceed how many feet

A

100

52
Q

What are bar joists used for

A

Roof and floors in fire resistant construction

53
Q

What are 3 dimensional truss structures

A

Space frames

54
Q

What type of load do space frames support

A

uniform loads

55
Q

Where are load bearing walls commonly placed

A

Exterior of a structure

56
Q

How far are steel studs placed apart

A

12-16 inches

57
Q

What type of construction carries transverse loads

A

Post and beam

58
Q

What size post supports roofs

A

6x8

59
Q

What type of system allows bending stress through joints

A

Rigid

60
Q

What are shell structures commonly constructed of

A

Concrete

61
Q

What type of structure is a shell

A

3D

62
Q

What prevents arches from spreading

A

Horizontally Tie Rods

63
Q

What is the middle section of a truss called

A

Web

Diagonal

64
Q

What carries most of load resisting the bending

A

Top and bottom flange

65
Q

What can change the direction of forces between structural elements

A

Temp

66
Q

What creates stresses in the top of a beam

A

Compression

67
Q

What creates stresses in the bottom of a beam

A

Tension

68
Q

What is stress is created in the cross section of a beam

A

Shear stress

69
Q

What load creates uniform stresses across the cross section

A

Axial

70
Q

What load does not pass through the center of the cross section

A

Eccentric

71
Q

What load creates a twisting effect that creates shear stress in a material

A

Torsional

72
Q

What are considered part of the dead load

A

Structural elements

73
Q

What load is not precisely quantifiable

A

Live

74
Q

What loads may cause structural failure

A

Dynamic

75
Q

What load creates a non uniform load

A

Concentrated

76
Q

What does wind flowing around the object produce

A

Drag

77
Q

What does wind produce by suction effect

A

Negative pressure

78
Q

What are effective against long slow vibrations

A

Shear walls

Corner bracing

79
Q

What is a less common system of building isolation

A

Sliding system

80
Q

What occurs when sandy soil near water sources is loose

A

Soil liquefaction

81
Q

What are the stresses in a cable

A

Tension

82
Q

What is the life span of membrane structure for building codes

A

180 or more days

83
Q

What is the life span of a membrane structure for fire codes

A

Less than 180 days

84
Q

What stresses do arches produce

A

Compressive interior

85
Q

What does a stream of 250 gpm produce

A

2080 lbs water per min

86
Q

What is the static load of 3 inches of water

A

21 lbs per sq ft

87
Q

What the 3 types of accommodations for seismic loads

A

Base isolation
Expansion joints
Dampening mechanisms

88
Q

What absorbs resonant energy

A

Dampening mechanisms

89
Q

What are the 3 directional movements of seismic loads

A

Lateral
Torsional
Resonant

90
Q

What stresses are primarily created in a column

A

Compressive

91
Q

What forces do concentrated loads produce

A

Localized

92
Q

What loads do concentrated loads produce

A

Non uniform

93
Q

What are arches designed with for minor adjustments

A

Hinges

94
Q

What do steel stud walls have for stability

A

Diagonal bracing

95
Q

What roof do rigid frames have

A

Gable

Building Construction (6 decks)

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