Ch 3

Question 1

Wrenn (1962)

Answer 1

one of the first counseling professionals to draw attention to cultural diversity
introduced culturally encapsulated counselor

Question 2

culturally encapsulated counselor

Answer 2

define reality according to one set of cultural assumptions and this fail to evaluate other viewpoints
become locked in stereotypical thinking

Question 3

social justice

Answer 3

defined as a commitment to promoting access and equity with the aim of empowering and ensuring full participation of all people in a society, especially marginalized and systematically excluded.

Question 4

when were multicultural concerns implemented into ACA code of ethics (which version)

Answer 4

2005

Question 5

core professional values of counselors

Answer 5

honoring diversity and embracing a multicultural approach in support of the worth, dignity, potential, and uniqueness of people within their social and cultural contexts and promoting social justice

Question 6

components of multicultural competence

Answer 6

1. need to be aware of their own values, biases, and assumptions about human behavior (self-awareness)
2. need to be knowledgeable about the cultural values, biases, and assumptions of the diverse groups of clients with whom they work (knowledge)
3. they must develop culturally appropriate intervention strategies for assisting these diverse clients (skills)

Question 7

white privilege

Answer 7

an invisible package of unearned assets on which white people can rely and about which they are intended to remain oblivious

Question 8

competence

Answer 8

primary ethical issues that relates to multicultural counseling and advocacy

Question 9

our own understanding of multiculturalism is based on the premise that…

Answer 9

all counseling is cross-cultural

Question 10

culture

Answer 10

characteristics into which people are born or which are visible (race and ethnicity), social class, gender, age, and disability status
also encompasses characteristics that are not visible (education, geographic location, marital status, language, religion)

Question 11

racism

Answer 11

refers to prejudice and discrimination against people of color and people of certain ethnic origins

Question 12

racial microaggressions

Answer 12

brief and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults and have a potentially harmful or unpleasant impact on the target person or group

Question 13

advocacy involves…

Answer 13

extended the work of counseling beyond the individual client to address the external forces that create barriers to clients full participation in society
includes engaging in community empowerment strategies, political action, etc.

Question 14

sexism

Question 15

why is sexism overlooked?

Answer 15

1. there is a widely held assumption that women have achieved quality in contemporary US society and that marganilization and oppression are less likely to be relevant to the issues woman bring to counseling
2. the vast majority of masters level counseling practitioners are female (it is assumed that they have awareness and skills to counsel women)

Question 16

self-awareness

Answer 16

begins with reflection on the impact of ones own gender role socialization experiences

Question 17

socioeconomic status (SES) or class

Answer 17

affects all dimensions of a persons life, including sense of self-worth, access to mental health care, exposure to violence, and sense of personal power or agency

Question 18

culturally competent counseling includes…

Answer 18

the ability to hear class conditioning when listening to clients stories

Question 19

ableism

Answer 19

a form of discrimination or prejudice against individuals with physical, developmental, or mental disabilities that is characterized by the belief that these individuals cannot function as full members of society
largest minority group in the US

Question 20

developing the competencies that are necessary for providing effecting counseling services to people with disabilities begins…

Answer 20

counselors awareness of their own assumptions, values, and biases about disability, and with confronting their own ableism

Question 21

ageism

Answer 21

older adults are the fastest growing population group in the US
tend to underutilize mental health services

Question 22

affectional orientation

Answer 22

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and intersex experience long history of oppression

Question 23

spiritual and religious bias

Answer 23

spirituality: defined as a personal relationship with a higher power and faith that may be used to find meaning in life
religion: is a shared set of practices and beliefs that is associated with denominational affiliations

Question 24

a counselors values will influence the counseling process in many ways including…

Answer 24

which goals are considered appropriate or desirable, whether and how the client will be diagnosed, and which client issues will become the focus of therapy

Question 25

legal cases revolving around competing religious beliefs

Answer 25

bruff v north Mississippi health services inc
walden v centers for disease control and prevention
ward v wilbanks

Question 26

conscience clause legislation

Answer 26

allows mental health professionals to refuse to provide services to LGBTQ+ clients based on the professionals religious or personal beliefs

Question 27

professional values

Answer 27

enhancing human development, honoring diversity, promoting social justice, safeguarding the integrity of the counseling relationship, and practicing with competence and ethical diligence