Ch 3 Flashcards
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.
Osteoblasts
Cells that build new bone tissue.
Osteoclasts
Cells that break down old or damaged bone tissue.
Lacunae
Small spaces in bone where osteocytes are found.
Canaliculi
Tiny channels that connect lacunae, allowing cells to communicate.
Lamellae
Layers of bone tissue
Interstitial lamellae
Between osteons, filling gaps.
Circumferential lamellae
Around the outer and inner surfaces of bone.
Concentric lamellae
Rings around the central canal of an osteon.
Osteoid
Unmineralized bone matrix, made up of collagen and proteins.
Matrix
The material between bone cells, mostly collagen and minerals like calcium. Mineral reserve.
Collagen
A protein that gives bones flexibility and strength.
Calcium
A mineral that makes bones hard and strong.
Mesenchymal (Stem Cell)
Cells that can develop into different types of bone cells.
Fracture
A break in a bone.
Hematopoiesis
The process of making blood cells, which happens in bone marrow.
Trabeculae
The mesh-like structure inside spongy bone.
Osteon
The basic unit of compact bone, made of concentric lamellae around a central canal.
Epiphyseal Plate
Growth Plate
Struts
Support structures in bones, similar to trabeculae.
Spicules
Tiny needle-like structures found in developing bone.
Mesenchymal
Stem cells that can develop into bone, cartilage, or fat cells.
Ossification Centers
Areas where bone formation starts.
Mineralization
The process where minerals, mainly calcium, are deposited in the bone matrix, making it hard.
Diaphysis
The shaft, or middle part, of a long bone.
Epiphysis
The rounded ends of a long bone.
Metaphysis
The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis, where the growth plate is located.
Spongy Bone
Lightweight, porous bone found inside bones, filled with marrow.
Compact Bone
Dense, solid bone found on the outer surface.
Bone Marrow
Soft tissue inside bones where blood cells are made.
Callus
A thickened area of bone that forms around a fracture as it heals
“Bone scab”
Calcitonin
A hormone that lowers blood calcium levels by promoting bone formation.
Calcitriol
The active form of vitamin D, helping the body absorb calcium for bone formation.
Hallux
Big toe
Pollex
The thumb
Periosteum
Outer covering of bone, connective tissue to protect bone, surface for muscle attachment and has blood vessels that nourish the bone
Endosteum
Thin layer that lines inside of bone, helps with bone repair and remodeling
Endosteum
Thin layer that lines inside of bone, helps with bone repair and remodeling
