ch 3

Question 0

cytoplasm

Answer 0

a jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks—such as proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

All organisms are made of cells.
All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
The cell is the most basic unit of life

Question 2

organelles

Answer 2

structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell. Most organelles are surrounded by a membrane

Question 3

prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Instead, the cell’s DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm. Most prokaryotes are microscopic single-celled organisms

Question 4

eucariotic cells

Answer 4

have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The nucleus, the largest organelle, encloses the genetic information

Question 5

cytoskeleton

Answer 5

a structure found in a eucariotic cell that is constantly changing to meet the needs of the cell

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

the brain of a eucariotic cell that carries the DNA inside of it

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

a thin layer of folded membranes

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

little bumps that link ameno acids together to form proteins

Question 9

Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

layers of membrane that sort and deliver proteins

Question 10

vesicles

Answer 10

membrane bound sacs that transport materials around the cell

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

the powerhouse of the cell, it creates energy for the cell

Question 12

vacuole

Answer 12

a sac that is a storage place for materials

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

membrane bound sacs that carry enzymes to clean the cell

Question 14

centrioles

Answer 14

small tubes that have little use but are found only in some algae

Question 15

cell wall

Answer 15

the cell wall is found only in plants and it creates protection, support, and structure for the cell

Question 16

chloroplasts

Answer 16

chloroplasts are found in plants and they make energy for the cell using sunlight

Question 17

cell membrane

Answer 17

forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell

Question 18

phospholipid

Answer 18

is composed of three parts and is found in the cell membrane

a charged phosphate group
glycerol
two fatty acid chains

Question 19

fluid mosaic model

Answer 19

arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane

Question 20

selective permeability

Answer 20

this is what the cell membrane does, it allows some, but not all, materials to cross

Question 21

receptor

Answer 21

is a protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in responce