Ch. 3 Flashcards
Glycogenesis
Glycogen formed from glucose as storage
Glycogenolysis
Break down of glycogen to release glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate sources (not enough glucose available) takes place in liver
Anaerobic
No oxygen needed
-phosphagen + glycolytic system
-cytoplasm/outside cell
Aerobic
Depend on oxygen
-Kreb Cycle + Oxidative System
-Mitochondria
Catabolic
Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
Anabolic
Making bigger molecules from smaller ones
Work-to-rest period for phosphagen system
1:12 to 1:20
Work-to-rest period for Fast Glycolysis system
1:3 to 1:5
Work-to-rest period for Fast Glycolysis + Oxidative system
1:3 to 1:4
Work-to-rest period for Oxidative system
1:1 to 1:3
Typical Exercise time for Phosphagen system
5 - 10 seconds
Typical Exercise time for Fast Glycolysis system
15 - 30 seconds
Typical Exercise time for Fast Glycolysis + Oxidative system
1 - 3 minutes
Typical Exercise time for Oxidative system
> 3 minutes
Lactate
Product of Anaerobic Glycolysis
Lactate Threshold
The level at which intensity of exercise causes lactate accumulation in blood at faster rate/anaerobic energy production
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
Blood concentration reaches 4 mmol
EPOC
Exercise Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption
When exercising at a rate that exceeds ability to oxidize, so you “pay back” oxygen debt after the workout
Exergonic
Energy Releasing (usually catabolic)
Endergonic
Requires Releasing (usually anabolic)
Hydrolysis
Breakdown of ATP to yield energy
How many grams of ATP is stored in the skeletal muscle at rest as Creatine Phosphate?
80-100g
What is the enzyme used in the Phosphogen System?
Creatine Kinase
End product of Glycolysis System?
Pyruvate
What does pyruvate do at the end of glycolysis?
1 - converted to lactate (anaerobic glycolysis)
2 - taken to mitochondria for Kreb’s Cycle (aerobic glycolysis)
metabolic acidosis
exercise-induced decrease in pH
relationship between exercise intensity and lactate production
directly
(increase intensity & increase lactate production)
where is lactate processed in the body?
Liver
What is the process to convert lactate to glucose?
Cori Cycle
How many ATP produced from 1 molecule of glucose?
38 ATP
What enzyme breaks down triglycerides?
lipase
How long to replenish ATP and CrP after depletion?
ATP = 3-5 min
CrP = 8 min
How much glycogen is stored in muscles and liver?
muscle = 300-400g
liver = 70-100g
At what blood glucose level do hypoglycemic reactions tend to begin?
<2.5 mmol/L
What is the optimal amount of carbohydrate to replenish post-exercise?
0.7 - 3.0g of carbohydrate/kg
% of fat and carbohydrate as fuel during rest?
70% fat
30% carbohydrate
Oxygen debt
Anaerobic contributions to initiating exercise, “made up for” during EPOC
% of maximum power for Phosphagen System?
90 - 100% power
% of maximum power for Fast Glycolysis System?
75 - 90% power
% of maximum power for Slow Glycolysis and Oxidative System?
30 - 75% power
% of maximum power for Oxidative System?
20 - 30% power
