Ch 3

Question 1

Priority Action Approach

Answer 1

1) Scene Assessment
2) Primary Survey & critical interventions
3) Transport Decision
4) Secondary Survey

Question 2

ABC

Answer 2

A = Airway (C-spine)
B = Breathing
C = Circulation

Question 3

AVPU

Answer 3

A = Alert
V = Verbal
P = Pain
U = Unresponsive

Question 4

Supine

Answer 4

On their back
Best for primary survey

If low consciousness then do not leave alone. Move to 3/4 prone first.

Question 5

Airway

Answer 5

Step 1 of ABC
Identify yourself
Positive Response —> next step
No Response —> open airway with head-tilt chin-lift and assess
If possible spine injury then manually stabilize head & neck.
Obstructed airways need to be cleared before next step.
Persistent, partial, or complete airway obstruction = Rapid Transport

Question 6

C-Spine Control

Answer 6

Ask lie still
Kneel
Hands over ears, elbow on floor
Can show & hand off to helper

For: head injury, multiple system injuries, indicated spinal trauma

Question 7

Agonal

Answer 7

Sporadic gasping breaths

Question 8

Breathing

Answer 8

Step 2 in ABC
Talk to them
Responsive? —> next step
Unresponsive—> open airway with head tilt chin lift
Look, listen, feel for air movement
Sporadic or no breathing = start CPR
Severe Respiratory Distress = Rapid Transport

Question 9

Circulation

Answer 9

Step 3 in ABC
(If not breathing = CPR, see step A/B)
Look for shock, bleeding, obvious fractures
RBS

Question 10

Shock

Answer 10

Signs: cool, pale, clammy skin
Check with back of gloved hand
Usually indicates blood or fluid loss
Shock = rapid transport

Question 11

RBS

Answer 11

Rapid Body Survey
Search for hidden or massive external hemorrhage, and obvious fractures
Cut away clothing to expose issues
30 sec

Question 12

Vital signs

Answer 12

Respiration
Pulse
Level of consciousness (LOC)
Skin

Question 13

RTC

Answer 13

Rapid Transport Category/Criteria

Mechanism of injury
Anatomy of injury
Findings in primary survey

Question 14

RTC - Mechanism

Answer 14

Mechanism of Injury
Free fall from >6.5m (20ft)
Severe deceleration in vehicle
Pedestrian, motorcycle, or bicycle hit by car
Severe crush
Smoke/toxic gas
Decompression
Drowning
Electric injury

Question 15

RTC - anatomy

Answer 15

Anatomy of Injury

Severe Brain injury:
Altered consciousness
Depressed Skull fracture
Penetrating injury
Pelvic fracture
Two + long bone fractures
Flail chest
Pregnant woman injuries
Burns
Amputation (except finger or toe)
Spinal cord, paraplegia, quadriplegia
Penetrating eye injury

Question 16

RTC - primary

Answer 16

Findings of primary survey

Decreased LOC
Airway obstruction
Required assisted ventilation
Cardiac arrest
Suspected heart attack - over 30 min of chest issues
Circulatory shock
Tourniquet
Poison
Epilepsy
Stroke
Anaphylaxis
Hypothermia
Heatstroke

Question 17

Secondary survey

Answer 17

Step 4 in Priority Action Approach

Vital signs
History: complaints, allergies, medications, history
Head to toe exam

Question 18

Hypovolemic

Answer 18

Type of shock, due to extreme blood loss heart no longer pumps enough blood

Question 19

Cyanosis

Answer 19

Blue tinged skin
Caused by low blood O2
Indicator of a cardio respiratory emergency

Question 20

History Taking Steps

Answer 20

Chief complaint & history of the injury
Allergies
Medications
Past Medical History

Question 21

PPQRRST

Answer 21

Pain assessment
P= position
P= provoke
Q=quality
R=radation
R=relief
S=severity
T=timing

Question 22

Anterior

Answer 22

Front of body

Question 23

Head to Toe Exam

Answer 23

Part of Secondary Survey
Slower than RBS

Head
Neck
Chest, abdomen, pelvis
Back
Extremities

Question 24

Critical interventions

Answer 24

Airway w/ C-Spine control
-clear obstructed airway
Breathing
-ventilate w/mask
-provide O2
Circulation
- CPR/AED
-control hemorrhage
Restrict Spinal Movement
RTD - rapid transport decision

Question 25

Mechanism of injury - falling

Answer 25

6.5m or 20feet = RT

Question 26

Proximal

Answer 26

Close to body
(Femur & humerus)