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BUS 371 > ch 3 > Flashcards

ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F
The ES of an activity that has only one predecessor is simply the EF of that predecessor.

A

True

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2
Q

T/F
One phase of a large project is scheduling.

A

True

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3
Q

T/F
A project organization works best for an organization when the project resides in only one of its functional areas.

A

False

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4
Q

T/F
By their very nature, projects have a limited lifetime, and that sets project management apart from the management of more traditional activities.

A

True

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5
Q

T/F
One responsibility of a project manager is to make sure that the project meets its quality goals.

A

True

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6
Q

T/F
Work Breakdown Structure is a useful tool in project management because it addresses the timing of individual work elements.

A

False

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7
Q

T/F
Project managers have their own code of ethics, established by the Project Management Institute.

A

True

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8
Q

T/F
Ethical issues which can arise in projects include bid rigging, bribery, and “low balling.”

A

True

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9
Q

T/F
Gantt charts give a timeline for each of a project’s activities, but do not adequately show the
interrelationships of activities.

A

True

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10
Q

T/F
PERT, but not CPM, has the ability to consider the precedence relationships in a project.

A

False

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11
Q

T/F
The shortest of all paths through the network is the critical path.

A

False

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12
Q

T/F
The fundamental difference between PERT and CPM is that PERT uses the beta distribution for crashing projects while CPM uses cost estimates.

A

False

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13
Q

T/F
Slack is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire project.

A

True

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14
Q

T/F
Every network has at least one critical path.

A

True

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15
Q

T/F
The critical path can be determined by use of either the “forward pass” or the “backward pass.”

A

False

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16
Q

T/F
The PERT pessimistic time estimate is an estimate of the minimum time an activity will require.

A

False

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17
Q

T/F
The standard deviation of project duration is the average of the standard deviation of all activities
on the critical path.

A

False

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18
Q

T/F
In PERT analysis, the identification of the critical path can be incorrect if a noncritical activity takes substantially more than its expected time.

A

True

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19
Q

Which of the following statements regarding Bechtel is true?
a. Its competitive advantage is project management.
b. Bechtel was the construction contractor for the Hoover Dam.
c. While helping to rebuild Iraq, Bechtel’s crews had to travel under armed escort.
d. Bechtel’s procurement program is global in nature.
e. All of the above are true.

A

e. All of the above are true.

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20
Q

Which of the following statements about Bechtel is true?
a. Even though Bechtel is over 100 years old, the Kuwaiti oil fields was its first “project.”
b. Bechtel is the world’s premier manager of massive construction and engineering projects.
c. Bechtel’s competitive advantage is supply chain management.
d. While its projects are worldwide, its network of suppliers is largely in the U.S.
e. All of the above are true.

A

b. Bechtel is the world’s premier manager of massive construction and engineering projects.

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21
Q

The phases of project management are

A

planning, scheduling, and controlling

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22
Q

A project organization
a. is effective for companies with multiple large projects
b. is appropriate only in construction firms
c. often fails when the project cuts across organizational lines
d. is formed to ensure that programs (projects) get proper management and attention
e. a and d are both true

A

e. a and d are both true

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23
Q

Which of the following statements regarding project management is false?
a. Gantt charts give a timeline for each of a project’s activities, but do not adequately show the
interrelationships of activities.
b. A project organization works best for a project that is temporary but critical to the organization.
c. Project organization works well when the work contains simple, independent tasks.
d. Gantt charts and PERT/CPM are never used together.
e. None of the above is true.

A

c. Project organization works well when the work contains simple, independent tasks.

24
Q

A code of ethics especially for project managers
a. has been established by the Project Management Institute
b. has been formulated by the Federal government
c. has been formulated by the World Trade Organization
d. is inappropriate, since everyone should use the same guidance on ethical issues
e. does not exist at this time

A

a. has been established by the Project Management Institute

25
Q

Divulging information to some bidders on a project to give them an unfair advantage

A

is known as bid rigging

26
Q

Ethical issues that may arise in projects large and small include
a. bid rigging
b. expense account padding
c. compromised safety or health standards
d. bribery
e. All of the above are true.

A

e. All of the above are true.

27
Q

Which of the following statements regarding Gantt charts is true?
a. Gantt charts give a timeline and precedence relationships for each activity of a project.
b. Gantt charts use the four standard spines of Methods, Materials, Manpower, and Machinery.
c. Gantt charts are visual devices that show the duration of activities in a project.
d. Gantt charts are expensive.
e. All of the above are true.

A

c. Gantt charts are visual devices that show the duration of activities in a project.

28
Q

Which of the following statements regarding critical paths is true?
a. The shortest of all paths through the network is the critical path.
b. Some activities on the critical path may have slack.
c. Every network has exactly one critical path.
d. On a specific project, there can be multiple critical paths, all with exactly the same duration.
e. The duration of the critical path is the average duration of all paths in the project network.

A

d. On a specific project, there can be multiple critical paths, all with exactly the same duration

29
Q

Which of the following statements regarding CPM is true?
a. The critical path is the shortest of all paths through the network.
b. The critical path is that set of activities that has positive slack.
c. Some networks have no critical path.
d. All activities on the critical path have their LS equal their predecessor’s EF.
e. All of the above are false.

A

d. All activities on the critical path have their LS equal their predecessor’s EF.

30
Q

A simple CPM network has three activities, A, B, and C. A is an immediate predecessor of B and
of C. B is an immediate predecessor of C. The activity durations are A=4, B=3, C=8.
a. The critical path is A-B-C, duration 15.
b. The critical path is A-C, duration 12.
c. The critical path is A-B-C, duration 13.5
d. The critical path cannot be determined without knowing PERT expected activity times.
e. The network has no critical path.

A

a. The critical path is A-B-C, duration 15.

31
Q

A simple CPM network has three activities, D, E, and F. D is an immediate predecessor of E and of
F. E is an immediate predecessor of F. The activity durations are D=4, E=3, F=8.
a. The critical path is D-E-F, duration 15.
b. The critical path is D-F, duration 12.
c. Slack at D is 3 units
d. Slack at E is 3 units
e. Both a and c are true

A

a. The critical path is D-E-F, duration 15.

32
Q

A simple CPM network has five activities, A, B, C, D, and E. A is an immediate predecessor of C and of D. B is also an immediate predecessor of C and of D. C and D are both immediate predecessors of E.

A

b. There are four paths in this network.

33
Q

Activity D on a CPM network has predecessors B and C, and has successor F. D has duration 6. B’s
earliest finish is 18, while C’s is 20. F’s late start is 26. Which of the following is true?
a. B is a critical activity.
b. C is completed before B.
c. D has no slack but is not critical.
d. D is critical, and has zero slack.
e. All of the above are true.

A

d. D is critical, and has zero slack.

34
Q

Which of the following statements regarding CPM networks is true?
a. There can be multiple critical paths on the same project, all with different durations.
b. The early finish of an activity is the latest early start of all preceding activities.
c. The late start of an activity is its late finish plus its duration.
d. If a specific project has multiple critical paths, all of them will have the same duration.
e. All of the above are true.

A

d. If a specific project has multiple critical paths, all of them will have the same duration.

35
Q

Activity M on a CPM network has predecessors N and R, and has successor S. M has duration 5.
N’s late finish is 18, while R’s is 20. S’s late start is 14. Which of the following is true?
a. M is critical and has zero slack.
b. M has no slack but is not critical.
c. The last start time of S is impossible.
d. N is a critical activity.
e. S is a critical activity.

A

c. The last start time of S is impossible.

36
Q

Which of the following statements concerning CPM activities is false?
a. The early finish of an activity is the early start of that activity plus its duration.
b. The late finish is the earliest of the late start times of all successor activities.
c. The late start of an activity is its late finish less its duration.
d. The late finish of an activity is the earliest late start of all preceding activities.
e. The early start of an activity is the latest early finish of all preceding activities.

A

d. The late finish of an activity is the earliest late start of all preceding activities

37
Q

The time an activity will take assuming very unfavorable conditions is

A

the pessimistic time

38
Q

The _____ distribution is used by PERT analysis to calculate expected activity times and variances.

A

b. Beta

39
Q

The expected activity time in PERT analysis is calculated as
a. the simple average of the optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely times
b. the weighted average of a, m, and b, with m weighted 4 times as heavily as a and b
c. the sum of the optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely times
d. the sum of the optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely times, divided by six
e. the sum of the activity variances, divided by six

A

b. the weighted average of a, m, and b, with m weighted 4 times as heavily as a and b

40
Q

Which of the following statements regarding PERT times is true?
a. The optimistic time estimate is an estimate of the minimum time an activity will require.
b. The optimistic time estimate is an estimate of the maximum time an activity will require.
c. The probable time estimate is calculated as t = (a + 4m + b).
d. Pessimistic time estimate is an estimate of the minimum time an activity will require.
e. Most likely time estimate is an estimate of the maximum time an activity will require.

A

a. The optimistic time estimate is an estimate of the minimum time an activity will require.

41
Q

Which of the following statements regarding PERT times is true?
a. Expected time is an estimate of the time an activity will require if everything goes as planned.
b. The optimistic time estimate is an estimate of the maximum time an activity will require.
c. The probable time estimate is calculated as t = (a + 4m + b)/6.
d. Pessimistic time estimate is an estimate of the minimum time an activity will require.
e. Most likely time estimate is an estimate of the maximum time an activity will require.

A

c. The probable time estimate is calculated as t = (a + 4m + b)/6.

42
Q

The Beta distribution is used in project management to
a. calculate slack on activities not on the critical path
b. calculate the probability that a project will be completed within its budget
c. calculate pessimistic and optimistic activity times
d. determine which activity should be crashed
e. none of the above

A

e. none of the above

43
Q

The Beta distribution is used in project management to

A

calculate expected activity times

44
Q

In a PERT network, non-critical activities that have little slack need to be monitored closely
a. because PERT treats all activities as equally important
b. because near-critical paths could become critical paths with small delays in these activities
c. because slack is undesirable and needs to be eliminated
d. because they are causing the entire project to be delayed
e. because they have a high risk of not being completed

A

b. because near-critical paths could become critical paths with small delays in these activities

45
Q

Which of the following statements regarding PERT analysis is true?
a. Each activity has two estimates of its duration.
b. Project variance is the sum of all activity variances.
c. Project standard deviation is the sum of all critical activity standard deviations.
d. Only critical activities contribute to the project variance.
e. None of the above is true.

A

d. Only critical activities contribute to the project variance.

46
Q

What was the name of the construction project to rebuild the Pentagon after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001?

A

Project Phoenix

47
Q

____________ is an organization formed to ensure that programs (projects) receive the proper management and attention.

A

Project organization

48
Q

_______________ divides a project into more and more detailed components.

A

Work breakdown structure or WBS

49
Q

The _______________ has established a code of ethics especially for project managers.

A

Project Management Institute,

50
Q

_______________ is a network technique using only one time factor per activity that enables
managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects.

A

Critical path method or CPM

51
Q

A diagram of all activities and the precedence relationships that exist between these activities in a project is a(n) _____________.

A

network

52
Q

The ____________ is the computed longest time path(s) through a network.

A

critical path

53
Q

The network analysis method that allows activity times to vary is _____________.

A

PERT or Program Evaluation and Review Technique

54
Q

______________ is the amount of time an individual activity in a network can be delayed without delaying the entire project.

A

Slack time

55
Q

The ______________ distribution is appropriate for calculating expected activity times and activity
variances in PERT networks.

A

Beta

56
Q

_____________ is decreasing activity time in a network to reduce time on the critical path so total
completion time is reduced.

A

Crashing

BUS 371 (5 decks)

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