Ch 3

Question 1

ageism

Answer 1

prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older people

Question 2

agents of socialization

Answer 2

the persons, groups or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society

Question 3

anticipatory socialization

Answer 3

the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

Sigmund Freud’s term for the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id.

Question 5

gender socialization

Answer 5

the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society.

Question 6

generalized other

Answer 6

George Herbert Mead’s term for the child’s awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child’s subculture.

Question 7

id

Answer 7

Sigmund Freud’s term for the component of personality that includes all of the individual’s basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.

Question 8

looking-glass self

Answer 8

Charles Horton Cooley’s term for the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others.

Question 9

mass media

Answer 9

large-scale organizations that use print or electronic means (such as radio, television, film, and the Internet) to communicate with large numbers of people.

Question 10

peer group

Answer 10

a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age.

Question 11

primary socialization

Answer 11

the process of learning that begins at birth and occurs in the home and family.

Question 12

racial socialization

Answer 12

the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of our racial or ethnic status as it relates to our identity, interpersonal relationships, and location in the social hierarchy.

Question 13

recirporal socialization

Answer 13

the process by which the feelings, thoughts, appearance, and behavior of individuals who are undergoing socialization also have a direct influence on those agents of socialization who are attempting to influence them.

Question 14

resocialization

Answer 14

the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one’s background and previous experience.

Question 15

role-taking

Answer 15

the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person’s or group’s point of view.

Question 16

secondary socialization

Answer 16

the process of learning that takes place outside the home—in settings such as schools, religious organizations, and the workplace—and helps individuals learn how to act in appropriate ways in various situations.

Question 17

self-concept

Answer 17

the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves.

Question 18

significant others

Answer 18

those persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self.

Question 19

social devaluation

Answer 19

a situation in which a person or group is considered to have less social value than other persons or groups.

Question 20

socialization

Answer 20

the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

Question 21

sociobiology

Answer 21

the systematic study of “social behavior from a biological perspective.”

Question 22

superego

Answer 22

Sigmund Freud’s term for the conscience, consisting of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.

Question 23

tertiary socialization

Answer 23

the process of learning that takes place when adults move into new settings where they must accept certain ideas or engage in specific behaviors that are appropriate to that specific setting.

Question 24

total instituion

Answer 24

Erving Goffman’s term for a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution.

Question 25

What do functionalist believe about families?

Answer 25

families are essential for the procreation and socialization of children

Question 26

hidden curriculum

Answer 26

results in minority children being punished disporotionly in schools
- Langhout and Mitchell

Question 27

What are peer groups affect on socialization?

Answer 27

peer groups allow children a degree of freedom from authority

Question 28

When do ethnic values and attitudes begin to solidify in children?

Answer 28

age 4

Question 29

what is the first step in involuntary resocialization?

Answer 29

a degradation ceremony

Question 30

involuntary resocialization

Answer 30

occurs against a person’s wishes and generally takes place in a total institution
- jail