Ch 3 Flashcards
Nuremburg Code
Set of research guidelines involving human participants based on information obtained during the Nuremburg trials after World War II
Coercion
Research participation is voluntary & must be informed of risks
Belmont Report 3 Major Principles
- Respect for Persons
2.Beneficence
3.Justice
Respect for Persons
Respect people’s autonomy (free choice)
Beneficence
Minimize harm and maximize benefits
(risk-benefit analysis)
Justice
Distribute the research burdens & benefits fairly
Deception
misleading participants about purpose or procedures of a research study
Confidentiality
protecting information about the participants
APA Code: Five Key Principles
Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility
Principle C: Integrity
Principle D: Justice
Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Strive to benefit those with whom they work with
(Do no harm)
Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility
Establish relationships of trust and uphold professional standards of conduct
Principle C: Integrity
Promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in science, teaching and practice
Example: data fabrication vs. data falsification
-plagiarism
Principle D: Justice
All persons are entitled to access to and benefits from psychological contributions
Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
Respect rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination
Example: Right to refusal, preserving records, etc.
IRB
Institutional Review Board
Institutions
Colleges, schools, hospitals, companies, organizations, etc.
Review
All research proposals must be evaluated (reviewed) to ensure ethical guidelines are being followed
Board
Panel of at least 5 members with qualified backgrounds who evaluated proposals and determine what they are ethical
Exempt Studies
Studies that have smallest potential risks involved
Example: Archival studies (deidentified), studies in educational settings for educational purposes
Expedited Studies
Studies the involve minimal risks
Ex: Non-invasive medical procedures, video/audio recordings, etc
Full-board Studies
Studies with the highest amount of risks to participants must be reviewed by entire board
Demand characteristics
Source of bias stemming from participants changing their behavior based on what they believe the study is about
Placebo effect
Participants might report changes in symptoms, but they are provided inert substance
Falsify Data
Pressure to report surprising & significant findings
Publication records affect hiring and retention decisions
Funding opportunities
Acclaim, influence, and legacy
