Ch 3

Question 1

Nuremburg Code

Answer 1

Set of research guidelines involving human participants based on information obtained during the Nuremburg trials after World War II

Question 2

Coercion

Answer 2

Research participation is voluntary & must be informed of risks

Question 3

Belmont Report 3 Major Principles

Answer 3

1. Respect for Persons
   2.Beneficence
   3.Justice

Question 4

Respect for Persons

Answer 4

Respect people’s autonomy (free choice)

Question 5

Beneficence

Answer 5

Minimize harm and maximize benefits
(risk-benefit analysis)

Question 6

Justice

Answer 6

Distribute the research burdens & benefits fairly

Question 7

Deception

Answer 7

misleading participants about purpose or procedures of a research study

Question 8

Confidentiality

Answer 8

protecting information about the participants

Question 9

APA Code: Five Key Principles

Answer 9

Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility

Principle C: Integrity

Principle D: Justice

Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Question 10

Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Answer 10

Strive to benefit those with whom they work with
(Do no harm)

Question 11

Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility

Answer 11

Establish relationships of trust and uphold professional standards of conduct

Question 12

Principle C: Integrity

Answer 12

Promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in science, teaching and practice
Example: data fabrication vs. data falsification
-plagiarism

Question 13

Principle D: Justice

Answer 13

All persons are entitled to access to and benefits from psychological contributions

Question 14

Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Answer 14

Respect rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination

Example: Right to refusal, preserving records, etc.

Question 15

IRB

Answer 15

Institutional Review Board

Question 16

Institutions

Answer 16

Colleges, schools, hospitals, companies, organizations, etc.

Question 17

Review

Answer 17

All research proposals must be evaluated (reviewed) to ensure ethical guidelines are being followed

Question 18

Board

Answer 18

Panel of at least 5 members with qualified backgrounds who evaluated proposals and determine what they are ethical

Question 19

Exempt Studies

Answer 19

Studies that have smallest potential risks involved

Example: Archival studies (deidentified), studies in educational settings for educational purposes

Question 20

Expedited Studies

Answer 20

Studies the involve minimal risks

Ex: Non-invasive medical procedures, video/audio recordings, etc

Question 21

Full-board Studies

Answer 21

Studies with the highest amount of risks to participants must be reviewed by entire board

Question 22

Demand characteristics

Answer 22

Source of bias stemming from participants changing their behavior based on what they believe the study is about

Question 23

Placebo effect

Answer 23

Participants might report changes in symptoms, but they are provided inert substance

Question 24

Falsify Data

Answer 24

Pressure to report surprising & significant findings

Publication records affect hiring and retention decisions

Funding opportunities

Acclaim, influence, and legacy