Ch 2

Question 1

Research process steps

Answer 1

7 steps (can take years)

Question 2

Step 1

Answer 2

Choosing a research question (Can be answered with scientific method)

Question 3

Step 2

Answer 3

Conducting a literature review

Question 4

Step 3

Answer 4

Developing a hypothesis

Question 5

Step 4

Answer 5

Designing a study

Question 6

Step 5

Answer 6

Conducting the study

Question 7

Step 6

Answer 7

Analyzing the data

Question 8

Step 7

Answer 8

Reporting the results

Question 9

Research Progresses Questions

Answer 9

Focus is on identifying and describing various phenomena

Example: How many people are tired

Question 10

Causal Research Questions

Answer 10

Questions about what causes specific behaviors to occur

Theory = explanation of behavior that can be tested through research

Question 11

Basic research

Answer 11

Rather the goal is understanding the fundamental process related to phenomena

Example: Does stress-levels impact academic performance?

Question 12

Applied Research

Answer 12

Focuses more on application of basic research with the goal of solving everyday problems

Example: What are effective techniques to reduce stress among college students?

Question 13

Or & And

Answer 13

In general, using “or” will allow us to find more possible matches whereas “and” will allow us to find more specific matches

Question 14

truncation (*)

Answer 14

Some words might have slightly different phrases the describe related things

Question 15

Quotations

Answer 15

mean that articles have to have the exact order of a phrase

Question 16

Hypotheses

Answer 16

prediction regarding a study’s results

Question 17

Theory-driven Hypothesis

Answer 17

Predictions based on a theory relevant to the behavior of interest
Example: working memory and attention

Question 18

Data-driven hypothesis

Answer 18

Prediction based on the results of previous, related studies

Example: streaming and sleep

Question 19

Descriptive hypothesis

Answer 19

Prediction that describe behaviors

Question 20

Causal hypothesis

Answer 20

Prediction about results of a study that include causes of behaviors
(cause and effect)

Question 21

Prove = no good

Answer 21

We do not prove a hypothesis or theory is correct
in a research study

Question 22

Formatting Citations

Answer 22

Use of author(s)’ last name and publication date

Question 23

“And” n “&”

Answer 23

Pay close attention to the use of the word “and” and “&” (ampersand)

Example: Hamilton and Mayes (2006) stated that

Example: (Einstein & McDaniel, 2005)