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Anatomy Lecture > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

All material inside the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

Proteins that support the cell, hold organelles in place and enable the cell to change shape

A

Cytoskeleton

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3
Q

Attach the cell membrane to the underlying cytoplasm

A

Microfilaments

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4
Q

Strengthen and stabilize the cell

A

Intermediate filaments

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5
Q

Involved in the movement and transport of materials within the cell and is involved in cell division

A

Microtubules

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6
Q

Make proteins and are the workstations where amino acids are strung together to make protein

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

Are not attached to any other organelles and they function inside the cell

A

Free ribosomes

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8
Q

Are attached to another organelle and are secreted from the cell or inserted in the cell membrane

A

Fixed ribosomes

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9
Q

Network of membranous channels (tubes) that extend throughout the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

-Has fixed ribosomes attached to the outer surface
- modifies newly made proteins and folds proteins into their proper shape
- sends proteins to another organelle called the Golgi apparatus

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

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11
Q
  • has nothing attached to the outer surface
    -produced lipid based substances (steroids, hormones, phospholipids and cholesterol)
  • contains enzymes to break down organic chemicals
A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

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12
Q

-Receives newly synthesized proteins from the RER
- further modifies and processes the protein

A

Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

The Golgi apparatus packages the proteins into sacs called?

A

Vesicles

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14
Q

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes and acids to break down pathogens and damaged organelles

A

Lysosomes

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15
Q

Synthesize ATP

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

Which organic molecules are used for energy?

A

Glucose and fats (O2)

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17
Q
  • Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
    -in the inner membrane of mitochondria are needed
A

Enzymes

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18
Q

-Composed of ribose sugar, adenine base and three phosphate groups
- energy is released by breaking a high energy phosphate bond

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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19
Q

-The genetic information to build and run organisms and is found in the nucleus of cells
- contains the instructions to make proteins
- is two strands of nucleotides coiled into a double helix

A

DNA

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20
Q

The two DNA strands are not identical they are complementary, which 2 nitrogenous bases are complementary?

A

T only binds with A
C only binds with G

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21
Q

-A set of 3 nitrogenous bases on one strand of DNA
- each one codes for one amino acid

A

Triplet codes

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22
Q

-entire length of both DNA stands
-each _____ contains instructions to make many proteins
-human cells have 23 pairs (46 total)

A

Chromsomes

23
Q

-one segment of a chromosome
-each _____ contains instructions to make one specific protein

A

Gene

24
Q

-is involved in the synthesize (production) of proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell
-is a single stand of nucleotide
- nitrogenous bases include: A, U, G, and C

A

RNA

25
Q

Type of RNA: is a single (straight) of nucleotides

A

mRNA

26
Q

A set of three mRNA nitrogenous bases that is complimentary to a triplet of DNA is called

A

Codon

27
Q

Type of RNA: single stand of nucleotides that is bent
-one amino acid is attached to the upper part

A

tRNA

28
Q

A set of three tRNA nitrogenous bases that is complimentary to mRNA codon is called an

A

Anticodon

29
Q

-occurs in the nucleus
-DNA uncoils and two strands separate
- a segment of one strand of DNA is copied to make a complimentary strand of mRNA

A

Transcription

30
Q

-occurs in the ribosome
-amino acids are strung together in the proper sequence
-anticodon of each tRNA bind to a codon of mRNA

A

Translation

31
Q

-cell is not dividing and the cell is performing its normal function
- DNA is loosely called and is not visible under a microscope

A

Interphase

32
Q

Cell division

A

Mitosis

33
Q

Copies chromosome (each one is a sister chromatid) are visible under a microscope

A

Prophase

34
Q

-sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
-spindle fibers attach to each sister chromatid

A

Metaphase

35
Q

-sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers
- each sister chromatid moves to opposite ends of the cell and is now called a chromosome

A

Anaphase

36
Q

Protein strands formed by centrioles

A

Spindle fibers

37
Q

-separates the cells interior from the exterior
- is made up of a bilayer phospholipid

A

Cell membrane

38
Q

-water soluble
-water loving

A

Hydrophilic head

39
Q

-Not soluble in water
- water fearing

A

Hydrophobic tails

40
Q

Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

A

Proteins

41
Q

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions occurring at the cell membrane

A

Enzymes

42
Q

Proves that bind to specific chemicals (hormones) that will alter cellular activity

A

Receptors in the cell membrane

43
Q

Proteins that help transport specific substances into or out of the cell

A

Channels and transporters in the cell membrane

44
Q

Short, finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the cell membrane

A

Microvili

45
Q

Long, hair-like projections that sweep substances from one area to another

A

Cilia

46
Q

Separate the substances inside the cell from the substances outside the cell

A

The cell membrane

47
Q

Fluid substances outside the cell

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

48
Q

Fluid between cells

A

Interstitial fluid

49
Q

Fluid and substances inside the cell

A

Intracelular fluid (ICF)

50
Q

The cell membrane allows some substances to enter or exit the cell but prohibits the passage of other substances into or out of the cell

A

Selectively permeable (semipermeable)

51
Q

-energy from ATP is not needed to move substances (or water) into or out of cells
- ex diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

A

Passive transport

52
Q

Energy from ATP is needed to move substances into or out of cells

A

Active transport

53
Q

Substances move into or out of the cell directly through the phospholipid bilayer

A

Simple transport

54
Q

Substances move into or out of the cell through protein transporters

A

Facilitated transport

Anatomy Lecture (3 decks)

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