Ch 3

Question 1

cycle of violence

Answer 1

Victims of crime, especially victims of childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves.

Question 2

victim precipitation theory,

Answer 2

The view that victims may initiate, either actively or passively, the confrontation that leads to their victimization.

Question 3

active precipitation

Answer 3

Aggressive or provocative behavior of victims that results in their victimization.

Question 4

passive precipitation

Answer 4

Personal or social characteristics of victims that make them attractive targets for criminals; such victims may unknowingly either threaten or encourage their attackers.

Question 5

lifestyle theories

Answer 5

Views on how people become crime victims because of lifestyles that increase their exposure to criminal offenders.

Question 6

deviant place theory

Answer 6

The view that victimization is primarily a function of where people live.

Question 7

routine activities theory

Answer 7

The view that victimization results from the interaction of three everyday factors: the availability of suitable targets, the absence of capable guardians, and the presence of motivated offenders.

Question 8

crisis intervention

Answer 8

Emergency counseling for crime victims.

Question 9

victim–offender reconciliation programs (VORPs)

Answer 9

Mediated face-to-face encounters between victims and their attackers, designed to produce restitution agreements and, if possible, reconciliation.