Ch 2

Question 1

Uniform Crime Report (UCR).

Answer 1

Large database, compiled by the FBI, of crimes reported and arrests made each year throughout the United States.

Question 2

forcible rape

Answer 2

Under common law, the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. In 2012, a new broader definition of rape was implemented: “The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.”

Question 3

robbery

Answer 3

The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

Question 4

aggravated assault

Answer 4

An unlawful attack by one person upon another, accompanied by the use of a weapon, for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury.

Question 5

burglary

Answer 5

The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft.

Question 6

larceny

Answer 6

The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another.

Question 7

Part II crimes

Answer 7

All other crimes, aside from the eight Part I crimes, included in the UCR arrest data. Part II crimes include drug offenses, sex crimes, and vandalism, among others.

Question 8

cleared crimes

Answer 8

Crimes are cleared in two ways: when at least one person is arrested, charged, and turned over to the court for prosecution; or by exceptional means, when some element beyond police control precludes the physical arrest of an offender (e.g., the offender is killed or leaves the country).

Question 9

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

Answer 9

Program that requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each incident and arrest within 22 crime patterns, including incident, victim, and offender information.

Question 10

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Answer 10

The ongoing victimization study conducted jointly by the Justice Department and the US Census Bureau that surveys victims about their experiences with law violation.

Question 11

Libera Feminist Theory

Answer 11

A view of crime that suggests that the social and economic role of women in society controls their crime rates

Question 12

racial threat hypothesis

Answer 12

As the size of racial minority representation in the population increases, the perceived threat to the majority White population grows, resulting in calls for a greater amount of social control to be imposed on the community of color.

Question 13

resource deprivation

Answer 13

The consequence of a lack of income and other resources, which cumulatively leads to poverty.

Question 14

instrumental crimes

Answer 14

Offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal.

Question 15

expressive crimes

Answer 15

Offenses committed not for profit or gain but to vent rage, anger, or frustration.

Question 16

income inequality

Answer 16

The unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy.

Question 17

career criminals (chronic offenders)

Answer 17

Individuals who frequently or persistently violate criminal laws despite being arrested, convicted, and sanctioned multiple times.

Question 18

early onset

Answer 18

The view that repeat offenders begin their criminal careers at a very young age.

Question 19

chivalry hypothesis

Answer 19

The belief that female criminality is hidden because male agents of the justice system give female offenders favorable treatment.