Ch 29 Flashcards
Afebrile
Without fever.
Antpyretics
Substance or procedure that reduces fever.
Auscultatory gap
Disappearance of sound when obtaining a blood pressure; typically occurs between the first and second Korotkoff sounds.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Amount of energy used in a unit of time by a fasting, resting subject to maintain vital functions.
Blood pressure
The force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart
Bradycardia
Slower-than-normal heart rate; heart contracts fewer than 60 times/min.
Cardiac output
Volume of blood expelled by the ventricles of the heart, equal to the amount of blood ejected at each beat multiplied by the number of beats in the period of time used for computation (usually 1 minute).
Celsius
Denotes temperature scale in which 0° is the freezing point of water and 100° is the boiling point of water at sea level.
Conduction
The transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact. Solids, liquids, and gases conduct heat through contact.
Convection
the transfer of heat away by air movement. A fan promotes heat loss through convection.
Core temperature
Temperature of deep structures of the body.
Diaphoresis
Secretion of sweat, especially profuse secretion associated with an elevated body temperature, physical exertion, or emotional stress.
Diastolic pressure
Minimal pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration.
Dysrhythmia
Deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat.
Eupnea
Normal respirations that are quiet, effortless, and rhythmical.
Evaporation
The transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas. The body continuously loses heat by evaporation.
Fahrenheit
Denotes temperature scale in which 32° is the freezing point of water and 212° is the boiling point of water at sea level.
Febrile
Pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature.
Fever
Elevation in the hypothalamic set point so body temperature is regulated at a higher level.
Fever of unknown origin
A fever with an undetermined cause
Frostbite
Occurs when the body is exposed to subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the cell, and permanent circulatory and tissue damage occurs.
Heat exhaustion
Abnormal condition caused by depletion of body fluid and electrolytes resulting from exposure to intense heat or the inability to acclimatize to heat.
Heatstroke
Defined as a body temperature of 40° C (104° F) or more.
Hematocrit
Percentage of red blood cells in the blood; it determines blood viscosity.
Hypertension
Disorder characterized by an elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 120/80mm Hg.
Hyperthermia
Situation in which body temperature exceeds the set point.
Hypotension
Abnormal lowering of blood pressure that is inadequate for normal perfusion and oxygenation of tissues.
Hypothermia
Abnormal lowering of body temperature below 35° C, or 95° F, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold.
Hypoxemia
Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60mm Hg; low oxygen level in the blood.
Malignant hyperthermia
Autosomal-dominant trait characterized by often fatal hyperthermia in affected people exposed to certain anesthetic agents.
Nonshivering thermogenesis
Occurs primarily in neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at birth can be metabolized for heat production.
Orthostatic hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands.
Oxygen saturation
Amount of hemoglobin fully saturated with oxygen, given as a percent value.
Perfusion
(1) Passage of a fluid through a specific organ or an area of the body. (2) Therapeutic measure whereby a drug intended for an isolated part of the body is introduced via the bloodstream. (3) Relates to the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Postural hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when an individual assumes the standing posture; also called orthostatic hypotension.
Pulse deficit
Condition that exists when the radial pulse is less than the ventricular rate as auscultated at the apex or seen on an electrocardiogram. The condition indicates a lack of peripheral perfusion for some of the heart contractions.
Pulse pressure
Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures, normally 30 to 40mm Hg.
Pyrexia
Abnormal elevation of the temperature of the body above 37° C (98.6° F) because of disease; same as fever.
Pyrogens
Substances that cause a rise in body temperature, as in the case of bacterial toxins.
Radiation
The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.
Shivering
An involuntary body response to temperature differences in the body.
Sphygmomanometer
Device for measuring the arterial blood pressure that consists of an arm or leg cuff with an air bladder connected to a tube, a bulb for pumping air into the bladder, and a gauge for indicating the amount of air pressure being exerted against the artery.
Systolic pressure
Pressure of the blood as it leaves through the aorta
Tachycardia
Rapid regular heart rate ranging between 100 and 150 beats/min.
Thermoregulation
Internal control of body temperature.
Ventilation
Respiratory process by which gases are moved into and out of the lungs.
Vital signs
Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure.
