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Fundamentals of Nursing > Ch 29 > Flashcards

Ch 29 Flashcards

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1
Q

Afebrile

A

Without fever.

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2
Q

Antpyretics

A

Substance or procedure that reduces fever.

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3
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

Disappearance of sound when obtaining a blood pressure; typically occurs between the first and second Korotkoff sounds.

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4
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

Amount of energy used in a unit of time by a fasting, resting subject to maintain vital functions.

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5
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart

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6
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slower-than-normal heart rate; heart contracts fewer than 60 times/min.

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7
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood expelled by the ventricles of the heart, equal to the amount of blood ejected at each beat multiplied by the number of beats in the period of time used for computation (usually 1 minute).

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8
Q

Celsius

A

Denotes temperature scale in which 0° is the freezing point of water and 100° is the boiling point of water at sea level.

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9
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact. Solids, liquids, and gases conduct heat through contact.

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10
Q

Convection

A

the transfer of heat away by air movement. A fan promotes heat loss through convection.

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11
Q

Core temperature

A

Temperature of deep structures of the body.

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12
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Secretion of sweat, especially profuse secretion associated with an elevated body temperature, physical exertion, or emotional stress.

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13
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Minimal pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration.

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15
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat.

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16
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal respirations that are quiet, effortless, and rhythmical.

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17
Q

Evaporation

A

The transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas. The body continuously loses heat by evaporation.

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18
Q

Fahrenheit

A

Denotes temperature scale in which 32° is the freezing point of water and 212° is the boiling point of water at sea level.

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19
Q

Febrile

A

Pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature.

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20
Q

Fever

A

Elevation in the hypothalamic set point so body temperature is regulated at a higher level.

21
Q

Fever of unknown origin

A

A fever with an undetermined cause

22
Q

Frostbite

A

Occurs when the body is exposed to subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the cell, and permanent circulatory and tissue damage occurs.

23
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Abnormal condition caused by depletion of body fluid and electrolytes resulting from exposure to intense heat or the inability to acclimatize to heat.

24
Q

Heatstroke

A

Defined as a body temperature of 40° C (104° F) or more.

25
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of red blood cells in the blood; it determines blood viscosity.

26
Q

Hypertension

A

Disorder characterized by an elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 120/80mm Hg.

27
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Situation in which body temperature exceeds the set point.

28
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormal lowering of blood pressure that is inadequate for normal perfusion and oxygenation of tissues.

29
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormal lowering of body temperature below 35° C, or 95° F, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold.

30
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60mm Hg; low oxygen level in the blood.

31
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Autosomal-dominant trait characterized by often fatal hyperthermia in affected people exposed to certain anesthetic agents.

32
Q

Nonshivering thermogenesis

A

Occurs primarily in neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at birth can be metabolized for heat production.

33
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands.

34
Q

Oxygen saturation

A

Amount of hemoglobin fully saturated with oxygen, given as a percent value.

35
Q

Perfusion

A

(1) Passage of a fluid through a specific organ or an area of the body. (2) Therapeutic measure whereby a drug intended for an isolated part of the body is introduced via the bloodstream. (3) Relates to the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

36
Q

Postural hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when an individual assumes the standing posture; also called orthostatic hypotension.

37
Q

Pulse deficit

A

Condition that exists when the radial pulse is less than the ventricular rate as auscultated at the apex or seen on an electrocardiogram. The condition indicates a lack of peripheral perfusion for some of the heart contractions.

38
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures, normally 30 to 40mm Hg.

39
Q

Pyrexia

A

Abnormal elevation of the temperature of the body above 37° C (98.6° F) because of disease; same as fever.

40
Q

Pyrogens

A

Substances that cause a rise in body temperature, as in the case of bacterial toxins.

41
Q

Radiation

A

The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.

42
Q

Shivering

A

An involuntary body response to temperature differences in the body.

43
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Device for measuring the arterial blood pressure that consists of an arm or leg cuff with an air bladder connected to a tube, a bulb for pumping air into the bladder, and a gauge for indicating the amount of air pressure being exerted against the artery.

44
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Pressure of the blood as it leaves through the aorta

45
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid regular heart rate ranging between 100 and 150 beats/min.

46
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Internal control of body temperature.

47
Q

Ventilation

A

Respiratory process by which gases are moved into and out of the lungs.

48
Q

Vital signs

A

Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure.

Fundamentals of Nursing (3 decks)

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