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APUSH > Ch. 29-30 > Flashcards

Ch. 29-30 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Two root organizations of progressivism

A

Populists
Social gospel movement
Greenbacks

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2
Q

Progressive philosophies and goals

A

Government should advance public interest and be a force in peoples’ lives

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3
Q

David G. Phillips

A

Wrote an expose in Cosmopolitan that the trusts in the senate have shut out the peoples’ voice

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4
Q

20th century economic problems

A

Confronting poverty, taxation/redistribution of wealth, regulating big business, disputes between labor/capital, min wage/max hours, child/consumer protection

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5
Q

20th century social/political problems

A

Education, civil rights, morality, empowering citizens

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6
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

Muckraker who exposed Rockefeller’s oil trust and monopoly

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7
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

Wrote The Jungle and investigated unsafe factory conditions

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8
Q

Government response to Upton Sinclair

A

Meat Inspection Act and Food and Drug Administration

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9
Q

Lincoln Steffens

A

Unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government (The Shame of the Cities)

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10
Q

Goals of muckrackers

A

Cleanse capitalism and strengthen democracy

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11
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory incident

A

Violations of fire codes (from lack of enforcement) turned factory into a death trap, and 146 workers were incinerated. Public outcry and strikes caused the NY legislature to pass stronger laws regulating sweatshops. Other states followed.

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12
Q

Ways people were empowered

A 
Initiative
Referendum
Secret Ballots
Primary elections
Direct election of senators (17th amendment)
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13
Q

TR’s 3 Cs

A

Conservation
Care for the consumer
Control of corporations

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14
Q

Square deal

A

Balance the public, labor, and business

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15
Q

1902 Penn Coal Strike

A

Coal workers demanded a pay increase and fewer hours, and were denied by mine owners. Coal supplies dangerously declined. Roosevelt threatened to seize the mines with federal troops, and forced the owners to compromise.

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16
Q

Department of Commerce and Labor

A

Roosevelt urged Congress to create it after the coal strike.

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17
Q

Bureau of Corporations

A

Cabinet body authorized to probe business engaged in interstate commerce. Used to destroy trusts.

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18
Q

Elkins Act of 1902

A

Heavy fines could be imposed on railroads that gave rebates and the shippers that accepted them.

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19
Q

Hepburn act of 1906

A

Free RR passes restricted

20
Q

Expansion of ICC

A

Included express companies, sleeping car companies, and pipelines. Authorized to null existing rates and stipulate maximum rates.

21
Q

First trust bust by TR

A

Busted the Northern Securities Company, run by Morgan and Hill. Trying to achieve a monopoly of northwest railroads. TR trying to send a message.

22
Q

Desert Land Act of 1877

A

First feeble step towards conservation. Government sold arid land cheaply on the condition that the purchaser irrigate the soil within 3 years.

23
Q

Forest Reserve Act of 1891

A

Authorized the president to set aside public forests as national parks and other reserves

24
Q

Newlands Act of 1902

A

Authorized Washington to collect money from the sale of public lands in western states and use these funds for the development of irrigation projects

25
Q

Multiple-Use Resource Management

A

TR and chief forester Pinchot wanted to use nature intelligently for a combination of recreation, sustained-yield logging, watershed protection, and summer stock grazing.

26
Q

Sierra Club

A

Organization dedicated to preserving the wilderness- John Muir

27
Q

Hetch-Hetchy Controversy

A

Feds allowed a dam to be built in Hetch Hetchy Valley. Preservationists lost a major battle. Showed division between preservationists and Pinchot/TR

28
Q

“Roosevelt panic”

A

A short panic on Wall Street was blamed on TR by people who found his regulation policies dangerous and unpredictable. TR lashed back blaming the government for deliberately causing the crisis.

29
Q

Congressional response to the panic of 1907

A

Aldrich-Vreeland Act: Authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral. Smoothed path for federal reserve.

30
Q

Long term contributions of TR

A
  1. Greatly enlarged the president’s power
  2. Shaped the progressive movemnt and later liberal reform campaigns
  3. Square Deal preceded New Deal
  4. Opened eyes of Americans to that they shared the world with other nations
31
Q

Election of 1908

A

Taft (carry on TR’s policies) v. Bryan. Taft greatly won.

32
Q

Henry Demarest Lloyd

A

Wrote Wealth Against Commonwealth against the Standard Oil Company

33
Q

Jacob Riis

A

Wrote How the Other Half Lives (pictures), about slums in New York City

34
Q

Wisconsin governor Robert LaFollete

A

Tackled RR and lumber interests and regulated public utilities. Inspired other states to follow.

35
Q

Florence Kelly

A

Became chief factory inspector of IL and founded the National Consumers League

36
Q

National Consumers League

A

Wanted laws to safeguard women and children in the workplace

37
Q

Taft trust-busting

A

90 suits against trusts during 4 years in office. Busted the US Steel Corp, angering TR.

38
Q

Bureau of Mines

A

Established by Taft to control mineral resources, rescue coal mines from exploitation, and protect water-power sites

39
Q

Payne-Aldrich Bill

A

Signed by Taft under pressure from congress. Tacked on hundreds of upward tariff revisions. Betrayed campaign promises.

40
Q

Richard Ballinger-Gifford Pinchot Affair

A

Sec. of Interior Ballinger opened public lands in WY and MT to corporate development and was criticized by Pinchot. Taft dismissed Pinchot, and R was furious

41
Q

1912 Republican Primary

A

Taft beat TR for the Republican nomination

42
Q

Election of 1912

A

Roosevelt (Bull Moose/New Nationalism); Taft (GOP); Wilson (Dem/New Freedom); Debs (Socialist)

43
Q

Wilson background

A

Phraseocrat/idealist
Jeffersonian informed democracy
Loved the masses, but not the individual

44
Q

Triple wall of privilege: Tarrifs

A

Lowered them in the Underwood Tariff Bill

Graduated income tax (16th amendment)

45
Q

Triple wall of privilege: Banks

A

Problem: Distributing money during crisis

Federal Reserve: Government gives Fed power to print currency w/o gold or silver

46
Q

Triple wall of privilege: Trusts

A

Big business = bad business
Federal Trade Commission
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (bark with bite)

APUSH (6 decks)

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