Ch. 28 Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards
What are the three stages of fatty acid synthesis?
Transport
Activation
Synthesis
Where does transfer of Acetyl CoA occur?
From mitochondria to cytoplasm
Where does activation of Acetyl CoA occur?
Cytoplasm
Where does synthesis of fatty acids occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the 4 steps of fatty acid synthesis?
Condensation
Reduction
Dehydration
Reduction
Repeat
What is the general concept of fatty acid synthesis?
Repetitve addition and reduction of 2 carbon units
What fatty acids gets elongated to form other fatty acids?
Palmitate
Where does palmitate elongation occur?
Endolasmic reticulum
What is the stoichiometry of palmitate synthesis?
8Acetyl CoA + 7ATP + 14NADPH > Palmitate + 14NADP+ + 8CoA + 6H2O + 7ADP + 7Pi
What are the key regulators of fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 2
AMP Kinase
Where is Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 located?
Cytoplasm
Where is Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 2 located?
Mitochondria
What does Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 regulate?
Fatty Acid Synthesis
What does Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 2 regulate?
Fatty acid degradation
What inhibits Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 and 2?
AMP Kinase through phosphorylation
How does phosphorylation impact Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 and 2?
Inactivates them
What reverses inactivation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 and 2?
Protein phosphatase 2A
What does active carboxylase do?
Stimulates synthesis
What does inactive carboxylase do?
Stimulates degradation
What molecules signal for fatty acid synthesis?
Insulin
What molecules signal for fatty acid degradation?
Glucagon
Epinephrine
What partially activates carboxylase 1?
Citrate- forms polymers
What reverses partial activatation of carboxylase 1?
Palmitoyl CoA- depolymerization
