Ch. 28 Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three stages of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Transport
Activation
Synthesis

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2
Q

Where does transfer of Acetyl CoA occur?

A

From mitochondria to cytoplasm

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3
Q

Where does activation of Acetyl CoA occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Where does synthesis of fatty acids occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are the 4 steps of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Condensation
Reduction
Dehydration
Reduction
Repeat

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6
Q

What is the general concept of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Repetitve addition and reduction of 2 carbon units

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7
Q

What fatty acids gets elongated to form other fatty acids?

A

Palmitate

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8
Q

Where does palmitate elongation occur?

A

Endolasmic reticulum

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9
Q

What is the stoichiometry of palmitate synthesis?

A

8Acetyl CoA + 7ATP + 14NADPH > Palmitate + 14NADP+ + 8CoA + 6H2O + 7ADP + 7Pi

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10
Q

What are the key regulators of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 2
AMP Kinase

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11
Q

Where is Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 located?

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

Where is Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 2 located?

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

What does Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 regulate?

A

Fatty Acid Synthesis

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14
Q

What does Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 2 regulate?

A

Fatty acid degradation

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15
Q

What inhibits Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 and 2?

A

AMP Kinase through phosphorylation

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16
Q

How does phosphorylation impact Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 and 2?

A

Inactivates them

17
Q

What reverses inactivation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 and 2?

A

Protein phosphatase 2A

18
Q

What does active carboxylase do?

A

Stimulates synthesis

19
Q

What does inactive carboxylase do?

A

Stimulates degradation

20
Q

What molecules signal for fatty acid synthesis?

A

Insulin

21
Q

What molecules signal for fatty acid degradation?

A

Glucagon
Epinephrine

22
Q

What partially activates carboxylase 1?

A

Citrate- forms polymers

23
Q

What reverses partial activatation of carboxylase 1?

A

Palmitoyl CoA- depolymerization