Ch 27: Prokaryotes

Question 1

Size ranges of prokaryotes

Answer 1

0.5-5 micrometers

Question 2

Size range of eukaryotes

Answer 2

10-100 micrometers

Question 3

Three common shapes of prokaryotes

Answer 3

1.) spherical
2.) rod shaped
3.) spiral

Question 4

Gram stain

Answer 4

Organize bacteria based off of cell wall composition

Question 5

Gram negative bacteria

Answer 5

More restiant to antibiotics and are more toxic

Question 6

Gram positive bacteriea

Answer 6

Simple cell wall composed of peptiodglycan

Question 7

Bacterial capsule functions

Answer 7

• sticky to adhere to surfaces
• protect against dehydration
• shield from attacks

Question 8

Endospore

Answer 8

Hard capsule around a chromosome copy that allows bacteria to withstand harsh environments.

Question 9

Fimbrae

Answer 9

Long stick-like structure on bacteria surfaces that allow them to stick to things

Question 10

Chemotaxis

Answer 10

Prokaryotes that change their movements in response to chemical changes

Question 11

Many prokaryotes move using structures called…

Answer 11

Flagella

Question 12

Plasmid

Answer 12

Small pocket of DNA

Question 13

How do prokaryotes preform functions without orgenells?

Answer 13

Through the enfolding of membranes

Question 14

How is DNA shaped in prokaryotes.

Answer 14

Signal large circular strand in center region of cell

Question 15

Heterotrophic prokaryotes

Answer 15

Uses organic compounds as a carbon source

Question 16

Phototrophic prokaryotes

Answer 16

Use light and CO2 as a carbon source

Question 17

R-plasmids

Answer 17

Plasmids that carry genes for antibiotic restiance

Question 18

Transformation

Answer 18

DNA is picked up from the environment and incorporated into bacterial chromosomes

Question 19

Transduction

Answer 19

Movement of genes between bacteria via phages

Question 20

Conjunction

Answer 20

DNA donated from one bacteria to a recipient cell