Ch 27 Nutrition/Metabolism Flashcards
List the 6 essential nutrients
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Minerals Vitamins Water
Nutrition
study of the means by which living organisms obtain and utilize the nutrients they need to grow and sustain life
Nutrients include
most biological marcomolecules, viatmins, minerals, water
What two ways are nutrients described?
1) Macro or Micro nutrients
2) Essential or nonessential nutrients
Difference between essential and nonessential amino acids?
Essential - 8 that are needed from diet
Nonessential - 12 that are synthesized within the body
Essential amino acids - 8
needed from diet
Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenyalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
Difference between complete and incomplete proteins
Complete proteins contain ALL of the essential amino acids
(think animal products - dairy/meat, etc)
Incomplete proteins do not contain all (think plants/legumes/grains; have some, not all)
Water soluble vitamins
- dissolve in water
- easily absorbed into blood from digestive tract
- include both vitamin B and C
- vitamin B is a coenzyme
- vitamin c is important for collagen synthesis; also an antioxidant
Fat soluble vitamins
- dissolves in fat NOT water
- absorbed from GI tract within lipids of micelles; ultimately enters lymphatic capillaries.
- DAKE
- Vitamin D: hormone; increases Ca absorp from GI tract
- Vitamin A: formation of visual pigment retinal
- Vitamin K: synthesis of blood clotting proteins
- Vitamin E: helps stabilize/prevent damage to cell membranes
Essential Vitamins
MUST be provided in DIET
Vitamin deficiency disease can result if not enough
B1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 12 Biotin Folate Vitamin C Vitamins DAKE
Sources of the B vitamins
meat, grains, nuts, dairy, some legumes, some seeds
sources of Biotin
meats/eggs/cheese/legumes/nuts
sources of Folate
green veggies, liver, eggs, whole grains, seeds, legumes
sources of Vit C
leafy greens, fruit, citurs, broccoli, tomato, cabbage
sources of DAKE
mostly leafy greens or dairy types, some liver for A and D
Deficiency symptoms of diff minerals: calcium, chloride, magnesium
Calcium - loss of bone mass
Cl - muscle cramps
Mg - muscle weakness/nerv sys disturbance
Deficiency symptoms of diff minerals: Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur
Phos - loss of appetite/anxiety/ fatigue
K - muscle weakness/abnormal cardiac
Na-neuromuscular disturb;hypertension
S - protein deficiency symps.
Major vs Trace minerals
Major: 7; need 100mg+ per day
Trace: 10; need less than 100mg/day
Are all minerals essential?
YES they must all be obtained from the diet.
Major minerals - 7 C C M P P S S
Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Sulfur
Trace Minerals - 10
C C C R I I M M S Z
Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluoride Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Selenium Zinc
Dietary sources of Carbs
Sugars, Starch, Fiber
sweet stuff, syrup, fructose
potatoes, grains, beans, bread/pasta
veggies, grains, berries/nuts
Dietary sources of lipids
primarily oils, fat in meat or milk
Dietary sources of protein
animal protein, plants, beans/rice
