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Superficials > CH 27 - NEONATAL & PEDIA KIDNEYS & ADRENALS > Flashcards

CH 27 - NEONATAL & PEDIA KIDNEYS & ADRENALS Flashcards

0
Q

THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF HYDRONEPHROSIS ARE?

A

OBSTRUCTION, REFLUX, OR ABNML MUSCLE DVLPMT

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1
Q

THIS IS THE DILATION OF THE URINARY COLLECTING SYSTEM.

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON KIDNEY PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN?

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS

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3
Q

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF OBSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER URINARY TRACT.

A

URETEROPELVIC JCT OBSTRUCTION

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4
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST OFTEN CAUSE OF URETEROPELVIC JCT OBSTRUCTION?

A

INTRINSIC NARROWING OR EXTRINSIC VASCULAR COMPRESSION AT LEVEL OF URETO JCT.

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5
Q

THIS IS THE SONO APPEARANCE THAT WILL SHOW PELVOCALYCEAL DILATION WITHOUT URETERAL DILATION; BEST SEEN CORONALY; THE DILATION WILL BE PROXIMAL TO OBSTRUCTION.

A

URETEROPELVIC JCT OBSTRUCTION

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6
Q

THIS IS AN OBSTRUCTED URETER THAT CAN BE AFFECTED ANYWHERE BETWEEN THE PELVIS TO THE UTV JCT.

A

URETERAL OBSTRUCTION

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7
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF URETERAL OBSTRUCTION?

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS & HYDROURETER WITH A NARROW SEGMENT OF THE DISTAL URETER BEHIND THE BLADDER

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8
Q

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN MALE NEONATES.

A

POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES

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9
Q

BILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSIS IS FREQUENTLY CAUSED BY OBSTRUCTION AT THE LEVEL OF THE ____ OR ______ ______.

A

BLADDER OR BLADDER OUTLET

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10
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION?

A

THICKENED BLADDER WALLS, “KEYHOLE” APPEARANCE

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11
Q

THIS RESULTS FROM AN ECTOPIC INSERTION AND CYSTIC DILATION OF THE DISTAL URETER OF THE UPPER MOIETY OF A COMPLETELY DUPLICATED RENAL SYSTEM.

A

ECTOPIC UERTEROCELE

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12
Q

ECTOPIC UERTEROCELE IS MORE OFTEN SEEN IN ____ AND ON THE _____ SIDE.

A

FEMALES; LEFT

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13
Q

THE SONO APPEARANCE OF ECTOPIC UERTEROCELE IS?

A

FLUID FILLED MASS WITHIN THE URINARY BLADDER; LOCATED INFEROMEDIALLY TO THE URETERAL INSERTION OF THE LOWER POLE URETER.

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14
Q

THIS IS THE TRIAD OF ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE, CRYPTORCHIDISM, AND URINARY TRACT ANOMALIES.

A

PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME AKA ABDOMINAL MUSCLE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

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15
Q

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE URINARY TRACT ANOMALIES THAT CAN RESULT FROM PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME?

A

LG HYPOTONIC DILATED URETERS, LG BLADDER, A PATENT URACHUS

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF PRUNE BELLY?

A

DILATED URETERS AND A HUGE BLADDER & PHYSICALLY THE WRINKLED ABDOMEN

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17
Q

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RENAL CYSTIC DISEASE IN THE NEONATE.

A

MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY

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18
Q

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF ABDOMINAL MASS IN THE NEWBORN (WHEN HYDRO IS EXCLUDED).

A

MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY

19
Q

THIS CAUSES SPORADIC DYSPLASIA DURING THE 1ST TRIMESTER.

A

MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY

20
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY?

A

UNILATERAL “CLUSTER OF GRAPES”

21
Q

THIS DISEASE IS ID IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD, IT IS MOST PREDOMINENT IN FEMALES, RARE.

A

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PKD

22
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PKD?

A

BILATERALLY ENLARGED, HYPERECHOIC, MACROSCOPIC CYSTLIKE APPEARANCE.

23
Q

THIS DISEASE APPEARS DURING MIDDLE AGE WITH HYPERTENSION, HEMATURIA, AND ENLARGED KIDNEYS.

A

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT PKD

24
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT PKD?

A

BILATERAL WELL-DEFINED CYSTS OF VARYING SIZES.

25
Q

THIS INFECTION USUALLY BEGINS IN THE BLADDER THEN MOVES UP INTO THE RENAL PELVIS. PATIENT WILL PRESENTS WITH SUDDEN FEVER, FLANK PAIN, AND TENDERNESS.

A

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

26
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE?

A

MIXED ECHOGENIC PATTERN WITH ABSCESS

27
Q

THIS RESULTS WHEN REPEATED EPISODES OF ACUTE PYLONEPHRITIS CAUSE THE KIDNEY TO BECOME SCARRED AND DECREASED IN SIZE.

A

CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

28
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITS?

A

IRREGULAR OUTLINE, INCREAED ECHOGENICITY OF PARENCHYMA

29
Q

THIS IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR IN THE DEHYDRATED OR SEPTIC INFANT & OF A DIABETIC MOTHER.

A

RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS

30
Q

RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS AFFECTS THE KIDNEYS HOW?

A

UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL ENLARGEMENT, HEMATURIA, PROTEINURIA, AND LOW PLATELET COUNT.

31
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS?

A

ACUTE ENLARGED HETEROGENEOUS KIDNEY, ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE, AND CALCIFICATION

32
Q

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON BENIGN RENAL TUMOR OF THE NEONATE.

A

CONGENITAL MESOBLASTIC NEPHROMA

- IS BENIGN BUT INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM A WILMS TUMOR

33
Q

HOW CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE FROM A WILMS TUMOR AND A NEPHROMA?

A

IT IS IN CHILDREN < 1 YEARS OLD.

34
Q

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON MALIGNANT RENAL TUMOR IN CHILDREN > 1 YEAR WITH A PEAK BETWEEN 2-5 YRS OLD.

A

NEPHROBLASTOMA / WILMS TUMOR

35
Q

DOES A NEPHROBLASTOMA HAVE A GOOD PROGNOSIS?

A

IF IT IS CAUGHT EARLY; SURGICAL REMOVAL & CHEMO

36
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF A WILMS TUMOR?

A

VARIABLE, CALCIFICATIONS, HOMOGENEOUS - COMPLEX TEXTURE, POORLY DEFINED, DISPLACED KIDNEY

37
Q

THIS IS A MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA, IT IS THE 2ND MOST COMMON ABD CHILDHOOD TUMOR
(2 MONTHS - 2 YRS).

A

NEUROBLASTOMA

38
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF A NEUROBLASTOMA?

A

HIGHLY ECHOGENIC OR COMPLEX, POORLY DEFINED, CALCIFICATIONS, CYSTIC, DISPLACES KIDNEY, LIVER METS

39
Q

THIS IS CAUSED BY A DIFFICULT DLVRY, LG SIZE, DIABETIC MOTHERS, STRESS/HYPOXIA AT DLVRY, SEPTICEMIA, AND SHOCK.

A

ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE

40
Q

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL SIGNS OF AN ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE?

A

ABDOMINAL MASS, JAUNDICE, ANEMIA

41
Q

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF AN ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE?

A
  • OVOID ENLARGEMENT OF THE GLAND, ANECHOIC TO HYPERECHOIC OR MIXTURE, INF DISPLACEMENT OF KIDNEY WITH BLUNTING OF SUPERIOR POLE.
  • DECREAES IN SZ WITHIN 4-6 WKS
42
Q

WHAT SONO APPEARANCE DOES A NML NEONATE KIDNEYS HAVE?

A
  • LG, HYPOECHOIC MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS (NOT TO BE MISTAKEN FOR DILATED CALYCES OR CYSTS)
  • THIN, ISOECHOIC OR HYPERECHOIC CORTEX
43
Q

THIS IS PARENCHYMAL TRIANGULAR DEFECT AT SITE OF FETAL LOBULATION.

A

JUNCTIONAL PARENCHYMAL DEFECT

44
Q

WHAT IS THE SZ NML DISTENDED BLADDER WALL OF A NEONATE & THE NML WALL WHEN EMPTY?

A

< 3 MM
&
< 5 MM

Superficials (7 decks)

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