CH 27 - NEONATAL & PEDIA KIDNEYS & ADRENALS

Question 0

THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF HYDRONEPHROSIS ARE?

Answer 0

OBSTRUCTION, REFLUX, OR ABNML MUSCLE DVLPMT

Question 1

THIS IS THE DILATION OF THE URINARY COLLECTING SYSTEM.

Answer 1

HYDRONEPHROSIS

Question 2

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON KIDNEY PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN?

Answer 2

HYDRONEPHROSIS

Question 3

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF OBSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER URINARY TRACT.

Answer 3

URETEROPELVIC JCT OBSTRUCTION

Question 4

WHAT IS THE MOST OFTEN CAUSE OF URETEROPELVIC JCT OBSTRUCTION?

Answer 4

INTRINSIC NARROWING OR EXTRINSIC VASCULAR COMPRESSION AT LEVEL OF URETO JCT.

Question 5

THIS IS THE SONO APPEARANCE THAT WILL SHOW PELVOCALYCEAL DILATION WITHOUT URETERAL DILATION; BEST SEEN CORONALY; THE DILATION WILL BE PROXIMAL TO OBSTRUCTION.

Answer 5

URETEROPELVIC JCT OBSTRUCTION

Question 6

THIS IS AN OBSTRUCTED URETER THAT CAN BE AFFECTED ANYWHERE BETWEEN THE PELVIS TO THE UTV JCT.

Answer 6

URETERAL OBSTRUCTION

Question 7

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF URETERAL OBSTRUCTION?

Answer 7

HYDRONEPHROSIS & HYDROURETER WITH A NARROW SEGMENT OF THE DISTAL URETER BEHIND THE BLADDER

Question 8

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN MALE NEONATES.

Answer 8

POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES

Question 9

BILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSIS IS FREQUENTLY CAUSED BY OBSTRUCTION AT THE LEVEL OF THE ____ OR ______ ______.

Answer 9

BLADDER OR BLADDER OUTLET

Question 10

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION?

Answer 10

THICKENED BLADDER WALLS, “KEYHOLE” APPEARANCE

Question 11

THIS RESULTS FROM AN ECTOPIC INSERTION AND CYSTIC DILATION OF THE DISTAL URETER OF THE UPPER MOIETY OF A COMPLETELY DUPLICATED RENAL SYSTEM.

Answer 11

ECTOPIC UERTEROCELE

Question 12

ECTOPIC UERTEROCELE IS MORE OFTEN SEEN IN ____ AND ON THE _____ SIDE.

Answer 12

FEMALES; LEFT

Question 13

THE SONO APPEARANCE OF ECTOPIC UERTEROCELE IS?

Answer 13

FLUID FILLED MASS WITHIN THE URINARY BLADDER; LOCATED INFEROMEDIALLY TO THE URETERAL INSERTION OF THE LOWER POLE URETER.

Question 14

THIS IS THE TRIAD OF ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE, CRYPTORCHIDISM, AND URINARY TRACT ANOMALIES.

Answer 14

PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME AKA ABDOMINAL MUSCLE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

Question 15

WHAT ARE SOME OF THE URINARY TRACT ANOMALIES THAT CAN RESULT FROM PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME?

Answer 15

LG HYPOTONIC DILATED URETERS, LG BLADDER, A PATENT URACHUS

Question 16

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF PRUNE BELLY?

Answer 16

DILATED URETERS AND A HUGE BLADDER & PHYSICALLY THE WRINKLED ABDOMEN

Question 17

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RENAL CYSTIC DISEASE IN THE NEONATE.

Answer 17

MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY

Question 18

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF ABDOMINAL MASS IN THE NEWBORN (WHEN HYDRO IS EXCLUDED).

Answer 18

MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY

Question 19

THIS CAUSES SPORADIC DYSPLASIA DURING THE 1ST TRIMESTER.

Answer 19

MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY

Question 20

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY?

Answer 20

UNILATERAL “CLUSTER OF GRAPES”

Question 21

THIS DISEASE IS ID IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD, IT IS MOST PREDOMINENT IN FEMALES, RARE.

Answer 21

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PKD

Question 22

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PKD?

Answer 22

BILATERALLY ENLARGED, HYPERECHOIC, MACROSCOPIC CYSTLIKE APPEARANCE.

Question 23

THIS DISEASE APPEARS DURING MIDDLE AGE WITH HYPERTENSION, HEMATURIA, AND ENLARGED KIDNEYS.

Answer 23

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT PKD

Question 24

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT PKD?

Answer 24

BILATERAL WELL-DEFINED CYSTS OF VARYING SIZES.

Question 25

THIS INFECTION USUALLY BEGINS IN THE BLADDER THEN MOVES UP INTO THE RENAL PELVIS. PATIENT WILL PRESENTS WITH SUDDEN FEVER, FLANK PAIN, AND TENDERNESS.

Answer 25

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 26

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE?

Answer 26

MIXED ECHOGENIC PATTERN WITH ABSCESS

Question 27

THIS RESULTS WHEN REPEATED EPISODES OF ACUTE PYLONEPHRITIS CAUSE THE KIDNEY TO BECOME SCARRED AND DECREASED IN SIZE.

Answer 27

CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 28

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITS?

Answer 28

IRREGULAR OUTLINE, INCREAED ECHOGENICITY OF PARENCHYMA

Question 29

THIS IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR IN THE DEHYDRATED OR SEPTIC INFANT & OF A DIABETIC MOTHER.

Answer 29

RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS

Question 30

RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS AFFECTS THE KIDNEYS HOW?

Answer 30

UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL ENLARGEMENT, HEMATURIA, PROTEINURIA, AND LOW PLATELET COUNT.

Question 31

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS?

Answer 31

ACUTE ENLARGED HETEROGENEOUS KIDNEY, ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE, AND CALCIFICATION

Question 32

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON BENIGN RENAL TUMOR OF THE NEONATE.

Answer 32

CONGENITAL MESOBLASTIC NEPHROMA | - IS BENIGN BUT INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM A WILMS TUMOR

Question 33

HOW CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE FROM A WILMS TUMOR AND A NEPHROMA?

Answer 33

IT IS IN CHILDREN < 1 YEARS OLD.

Question 34

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON MALIGNANT RENAL TUMOR IN CHILDREN > 1 YEAR WITH A PEAK BETWEEN 2-5 YRS OLD.

Answer 34

NEPHROBLASTOMA / WILMS TUMOR

Question 35

DOES A NEPHROBLASTOMA HAVE A GOOD PROGNOSIS?

Answer 35

IF IT IS CAUGHT EARLY; SURGICAL REMOVAL & CHEMO

Question 36

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF A WILMS TUMOR?

Answer 36

VARIABLE, CALCIFICATIONS, HOMOGENEOUS - COMPLEX TEXTURE, POORLY DEFINED, DISPLACED KIDNEY

Question 37

THIS IS A MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA, IT IS THE 2ND MOST COMMON ABD CHILDHOOD TUMOR (2 MONTHS - 2 YRS).

Answer 37

NEUROBLASTOMA

Question 38

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF A NEUROBLASTOMA?

Answer 38

HIGHLY ECHOGENIC OR COMPLEX, POORLY DEFINED, CALCIFICATIONS, CYSTIC, DISPLACES KIDNEY, LIVER METS

Question 39

THIS IS CAUSED BY A DIFFICULT DLVRY, LG SIZE, DIABETIC MOTHERS, STRESS/HYPOXIA AT DLVRY, SEPTICEMIA, AND SHOCK.

Answer 39

ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE

Question 40

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL SIGNS OF AN ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE?

Answer 40

ABDOMINAL MASS, JAUNDICE, ANEMIA

Question 41

WHAT IS THE SONO APPEARANCE OF AN ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE?

Answer 41

- OVOID ENLARGEMENT OF THE GLAND, ANECHOIC TO HYPERECHOIC OR MIXTURE, INF DISPLACEMENT OF KIDNEY WITH BLUNTING OF SUPERIOR POLE. - DECREAES IN SZ WITHIN 4-6 WKS

Question 42

WHAT SONO APPEARANCE DOES A NML NEONATE KIDNEYS HAVE?

Answer 42

- LG, HYPOECHOIC MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS (NOT TO BE MISTAKEN FOR DILATED CALYCES OR CYSTS) - THIN, ISOECHOIC OR HYPERECHOIC CORTEX

Question 43

THIS IS PARENCHYMAL TRIANGULAR DEFECT AT SITE OF FETAL LOBULATION.

Answer 43

JUNCTIONAL PARENCHYMAL DEFECT

Question 44

WHAT IS THE SZ NML DISTENDED BLADDER WALL OF A NEONATE & THE NML WALL WHEN EMPTY?

Answer 44

< 3 MM & < 5 MM