CH 18 - CONTRAST AGENTS

Question 0

WHAT DOES CES STAND FOR?

Answer 0

CONTRAST ENHANCED SONOGRAPHY

Question 1

WHAT DOES UCA STAND FOR?

Answer 1

ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENT

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS TO USING UCA?

Answer 2

• DETECTING LOW VELOCITY BLOOD FLOW
• DETECTING FLOW IN VERY SMALL VESSELS
• IMPROVING SENSITIVITY

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE CONTRAST AGENT REQUIREMENTS?

Answer 3

• NON TOXIC
• SMALL MICROBUBBLES SMALL ENOUGH TO GO THRU CAPILLARIES
• STABLE

Question 4

HAS THE FDA APPROVED THE USE OF MICROBUBBLES?

Answer 4

YES, IN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Question 5

WHAT AGENTS HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY THE FDA?

Answer 5

OPTISON
DEFINITY
IMAGENT
- FOR USE IN ECHO

Question 6

WHAT AGENTS ARE AVAILABLE IN EUROPE & ASIA?

Answer 6

LEVOVIST

SONOVUE

Question 7

WHAT WAS THE 1ST GENERATION AGENT?

Answer 7

AGENTS THAT CONTAINED ROOM AIR

ALBUNEX - WAS REMOVED FROM THE MARKET

Question 8

WHAT DOES 2ND GENERATION AGENTS CONSIST OF?

Answer 8

HEAVY GASSES

Question 9

WHAT SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE THE ACOUSTICS BEHAVIOR WITH GAS?

Answer 9

THE TYPE OF GAS & ITS SHELL COMPOSITION

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROBUBBLES?

Answer 10

1) SAFE
2) METABOLICALLY INERT
3) LONG LASTING
4) STRONG REFLECTORS OF U/S
5) SMALL ENOUGH TO PASS THROUGH CAPILLARIES

Question 11

THIS IS MICROBUBBLES THAT ARE ABSORBED FROM BLOOD TO SPECIFIC TISSUES IN THE BODY.

Answer 11

TISSUE SPECIFIC U/S CONTRAST AGENTS

Question 12

THIS HAS PREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR - TARGET SPECIFIC TISSUES -

Answer 12

MOLECULAR IMAGING AGENTS - CATEGORY (TISSUE SPECIFIC AGENTS ARE IN THIS CATEGORY)

Question 13

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A MICROBUBBLE RUPTURES?

Answer 13

CAUSES A DOPPLER SHIFTS RESULTING IN RANDOM COLORS KNOWN AS ACOUSTIC EMMISION

Question 14

THIS ONLY RECEIVES SECOND HARMONIC FRQ.

Answer 14

HARMONIC IMAGIN ( TWICE THE TRANSMITTED FRQ)

Question 15

WHAT HAS A DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON CONTRAST MICROBUBBLES & WHAT IS USED TO CORRECT THIS?

Answer 15

ACOUSTIC FIELD; HARMONIC IMAGING

Question 16

HARMONIC IMAGING HAS A HIGHER ____ TO _____ RATIO.

Answer 16

SIGNAL TO NOISE

Question 17

A TECHNIQUE THAT IS USED TO MINIMIZE THE DISRUPTION OF MICROBUBBLES BY USING A LOW OUTPUT POWER IS?

Answer 17

MECHANICAL INDEX

Question 18

HOW DOES THE MI CORRECT THE PROBLEM?

Answer 18

• ONLY TRANSMITS & RECEIVES AT PREDETERMINED INTERVALS
• REDUCES MICROBUBBLE EXPOSURE TO SOUND WAVES
• ALLOWS ADDITIONAL BUBBLE TO ENTER THE FIELD

Question 19

WHAT IS TIPS?

Answer 19

TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTO-SYSTEMIC SHUNTS