Ch. 27: Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function Flashcards
Which of the following terms best describes a higher-than-normal white blood cell count? Leukopenia Leukocytosis Granulocytosis Neutrophilia
Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis is an increase in the number of leukocytes or white blood cells in the blood. The decrease in number of white blood cells is termed leukopenia. Granulocytosis is an increase in the number of granulocytes in the blood. The neutrophil is the most numerous of the granulocytes and the term granulocytosis is often used in place of neutrophilia.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutropenia? Decreased production Reduced survival Abnormal distribution Increased vitamin storage
Increased vitamin storage
The three main causes of neutropenia include decreased production, reduced survival, and abnormal distribution. Decreased vitamin intake can cause decreased production due to the lack of appropriate building blocks.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of eosinophilia? Asthma Prolonged infection Atopic dermatitis Eczema
Prolonged infection
Prolonged infection may actually cause leukopenia. Asthma, hay fever, drug reactions, eczema, pemphigus, and atopic dermatitis may cause increased eosinophils.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding infectious mononucleosis?
It is characterized by granulocytosis.
It is commonly caused by Epstein-Barr virus.
It usually affects older adults.
It is caused by the poxvirus family.
It is commonly caused by Epstein-Barr virus
Infectious mononucleosis is typically caused by the herpesvirus, EBV, which causes approximately 85% of cases. It usually affects young adults between 15 and 35 years of age. There is characteristically an increase in B lymphocytes.
Which of the following forms of leukemia is the most common in children? Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
The most common leukemia in children is ALL and represents 78% of leukemia in children. It often occurs in the first decade of life.
Which molecular anomaly with acute lymphoblastic leukemia carries the worst prognosis? TEL AML1 LYL Philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome
ALL persons with the Philadelphia chromosome carry the worst type of prognosis. It is found in 20% of adults with ALL.
Which of the following cells proliferate in multiple myeloma? Lymphocytes Plasma cells Eosinophils Granulocytes
Plasma cells
Proliferation of malignant plasma cells is the hallmark of multiple myeloma.
Which of the following is NOT a condition that causes lymphadenopathy? Neoplastic disease Inflammatory condition Lipid storage disease Cardiac disease
Cardiac disease
Lymphadenopathy may be caused by neoplastic disease, immunologic or inflammatory conditions, endocrine disorders, and lipid storage disease.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding lymphoma?
The malignancy occurs in the bone marrow.
It is the result of injury to the RNA of a lymphocyte.
It usually starts in the lymph nodes of the stomach or intestines.
Incidence rates are not associated with age or gender.
It usually start in the lymph nodes of the stomach or intestines.
Lymphomas usually start in the lymph node or lymphatic tissue of the stomach or colon. Incidence rates of lymphoma differ with respect to age, gender, geographic location, and socioeconomic class. Malignancy within the lymphatic tissue in the bone marrow is termed lymphocytic leukemia.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding Hodgkin lymphoma?
Incidence peaks in the early 20s through the 30s and then later in life.
Incidence is greater in blacks.
Incidence is increased in economically disadvantaged countries.
There is an increase in plasma cells.
Incidence peaks in the early 20s through the 30s and then later in life
The peak incidence occurs during the early 20s and 30s and again in the sixth and seventh decades. The incidence is greatest in whites and economically advantaged countries. There is an increase in Reed-Sternberg cells.
Which of the following is an indicator of poorer prognosis for Hodgkin lymphoma? Female gender Increased white count Increased hemoglobin Increased lymphocyte count
Increased white count
There is poorer survival with a high white cell count, low hemoglobin, low lymphocyte count, and male gender.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding Burkitt lymphoma?
It is a type of Hodgkin lymphoma.
It is common in the United States.
It is a fast-growing tumor of the jaw and facial bones.
It is associated with HIV infection.
It is a fast-growing tumor of the jaw and facial bones.
Burkett is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the most common in children from east-central Africa and New Guinea. It is very fast growing and involves primarily the jaw and facial bones. It is associated with Epstein-Barr virus.
Which of the following is NOT one of the current criteria for overactive spleen? Anemia Cellular bone marrow Splenomegaly Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis
Criteria for overactive spleen (hypersplenism) include anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or combinations of these; cellular bone marrow; splenomegaly; and improvement after splenectomy.
At which level of platelets can spontaneous bleeding occur? Greater than 100,000/mm3 Between 50,000 and 75,000/mm3 Between 20,000 and 50,000/mm3 Between 10,000 and 15,000/mm3
Between 10,000 and 15,000/mm3
Spontaneous bleeding can occur with a platelet count between 10,000 and 15,000/mm3. With a platelet count of less than 10,000, severe bleeding may result.
Which of the following is the most common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia? Heparin Thiazides Estrogens Ethanol
Heparin
Heparin is the most common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia. The other choices do cause thrombocytopenia.
