Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations Exam 2 > Ch. 27 > Flashcards

Ch. 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are part ofthe cardiovascular system?

A
  • Heart

- Blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A
  • Impulse conduction
  • Blood flow through the heart
  • Cardiac output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of blood vessels?

A
  • Distribution of blood flow
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
  • Tissue perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Carries essential nutrients to the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When can blood function effectively?

A

When its composition is normal and its volume sufficient to fill cardiovascular system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiac Output refers to what?

A

The amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat/minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cardiac output is a function of what two factors?

A
  • HR

- Stroke Volume (SV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is HR primarily determined by?

A

SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does stroke volume depend on?

A
  • Accommodation of incoming blood volume by the heart
  • Contractility of heart muscle
  • Resistance to blood flow in the circulatory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are cardiac functions of newborns and infants?

A
  • 130-160 bpm
  • irregular
  • rate <100 bpm needs immediate evaluation
  • infancy: HR begins between 80-150 ppm
  • newborn bp is 45 mmHg and increases to 80-90 mmHg and is rarely assessed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are cardiac functions of toddlers and preschoolers?

A
  • HR 70-110 bpm by end of toddlerhood

- Annual bp measurement should begin at age 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are cardiac functions of children and adolescents?

A

-By 19 y/o HR and BP stabilize to adult values

of 60-80 bpm and 120/80 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are cardiac functions of adults and older adults?

A
  • Age and disease induced cardiovascular changes may lead to decrease in activity tolerance and endurance
  • Age and lifestyle my contribute to calcification, fatty degeneration, diminished elasticity of blood vessels resulting in higher bp and cardiac output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors affect cardiovascular function?

A
  • Cigarette smoking
  • High BP
  • Nutrition
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Medical and family history
  • Medications and drug use
  • Stress
  • Personality types
  • Community factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are manifestations of altered cardiovascular function?

A
  • Changes in vital signs
  • Changes in skin
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Altered blood flow
  • Decreased tissue perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What effects of decreased tissue perfusion is there on normal activities?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Pain
  • Organ dysfunciton
  • Limited ROM due to ischemia or edema
  • Skin breakdown
  • Increased risk of thrombus or embolus
  • Cognitive dysfunction
17
Q

What effects of blood pressure alteration is there on normal activities?

A

Orthostatic Hypotension

18
Q

What effects of vessel occlusion is there on normal activities?

A
  • Skin changes

- Pain

19
Q

What effects of decreased cardiac output is there on normal activities?

A
  • SOB

- Diminished ability to perform ADLs

20
Q

What assessment of normal pattern is there in relation to cardiovascular function?

A

Activity tolerance

21
Q

What assessments of risk identification is there in relation to cardiovascular function?

A
  • Past cardiovascular conditions
  • Non-modifiable risk factors
  • Modifiable risk factors
  • Current medications
22
Q

What assessments of Dysfunction identification is there in relation to cardiovascular function?

A
  • Chest pain

- Stroke screening

23
Q

What types of physical assessments would you perform for cardiovascular function?

A
  • Palpation

- Auscultation

24
Q

What things are you checking when using palpation for assessment of cardiovascular function?

A
  • Peripheral pulses
  • Capillary refill time
  • Edema grading
25
Q

What things are you checking when using auscultation for assessment of cardiovascular function?

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Apical pulse
  • Heart sounds
26
Q

What are diagnostic tests and procedures can be done to check cardiovascular function? Laboratory studies can also be done

A
  • Radiography
  • Electrocardiography
  • Exercise testing
  • Echocardiography
  • Blood flow studies
  • Cardiac catheterization
  • Angiography
  • Electrophysiology
27
Q

What are possible nursing diagnoses for cardiovascular function?

A
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Ineffective tissue perfusion
  • Activity intolerance
28
Q

What general ideas should be included in the formulation of patient goals and outcomes in relation to cardiovascular function?

A
  • Knowledge concerning cardiovascular dysfunction, prevention, or care
  • Maintain adequate cardiac output
  • Adequate tissue perfusion
  • Coping effectively with changes in life-style and self-concept
29
Q

What things should be included in implementation (health promotion) of cardiovascular function?

A
  • Modifying risk factors

- Preventing venous stasis

30
Q

What are nursing interventions for altered cardiovascular functioning?

A
  • Patient teaching
  • Medications
  • Edema reduction
  • Positioning
  • Pain management
  • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • Post-cardiovascular event interventions

Foundations Exam 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions