Ch. 26 Flashcards
What is Ventilation?
Physical process of moving air into and out of the lungs for gas exchange.
What is Gas Diffusion?
Process in which molecules move from an area of greater concentration or pressure to an area of lower concentration of pressure.
What is Gas Transport?
Transport of oxygen in two forms by blood into tissues.
What is Control of Ventilation?
Ventilation is regulated through neural pathways.
What are normal respiratory functions?
- Ventilation
- Gas Diffusion
- Gas Transport
- Control of Ventilation
- Respiratory System Defenses
- Normal Breathing Pattern
What is Respiratory System Defenses?
Structures and physiological processes of respiratory tract.
- Warm
- Humidify
- Filter inspired air
- Trap and destroy bacteria
- Keep airway clear
What is Normal Breathing Pattern?
Smooth, even, and regular.
What is included in the Normal Respiratory Structure?
- Mouth
- Nose
- Sinuses
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Epiglottis
- Trachea
- Mainstem Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveoli
- Lungs
Explain respiratory functions of newborns and infants:
- Rapid breathing
- May have occasional pauses between breathes
- First 3 months after birth
- 30-60 bpm
Explain respiratory functions of toddlers and preschoolers:
- By 3rd year of life
- 20-30 bpm
- smooth/regular rhythm
Explain respiratory functions of a child and adolescent:
- By school-age
- bpm steadily slow to adult rate 18-26 bpm
Explain respiratory function of adults and older adults:
- Thoracic wall becomes more rigid
- Protective functions of lungs are impaired
- Normal PaO2 decreases with decreased response to hypercapnia
- 12-20 bpm
What are factors affecting respiratory function:
- Body position
- Injury
- Environment
- Lifestyle and habits
- Family History
- Causes of increased work of breathing (Restricted lung movement/ airway obstruction)
What does altered respiratory function include?
- Cough
- Sputum production
- SOB
- Chest pain
What do you want to take into consideration when doing a respiratory assessment?
- Normal pattern assessment
- Risk identification
- Dysfunction identification
What are components of a physical respiratory assessment?
- Auscultation
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Percussion
What is respiratory Point-of-Care Testing assessment?
Pulse Oximetry
What is a respiratory Laboratory Studies assessment?
- Sputum culture
- ABG monitoring
- EtCO2 monitoring
What are types of respiratory Diagnostic Procedure assessments?
- Chest x-ray
- Bronchoscopy
- Skin tests
What are possible respiratory Nursing Diagnoses?
- Ineffective breathing pattern
- Ineffective airway clearance
- Impaired gas exchange
What general areas should be included in the formulation of respiratory patient goals and outcomes?
- Knowledge regarding prevention of respiratory dysfunction
- Adequate oxygenation of tissues
- Ability to mobilize pulmonary secretions
- Effective coping with self-concept and lifestyle
What are implementation aspects of respiratory health promotion?
- Preventing respiratory illness
- Encouraging smoking cessation
- Reducing allergens
- Monitoring peak flow
- Providing adequate hydration
- Positioning and ambulation
- Deep breathing
- Assisting with incentive spirometry
What are interventions for altered respiratory function?
- Coughing
- Pursed lips breathing
- Chest physiotherapy
- Aerosol therapy
- Dyspnea management
- Hyperventilation management
- Assisted ventilation
- Artificial airways
- Suctioning
- Chest tubes
- Emergency airway measures
- Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy is used primarily to reverse hypoxemia and to accomplish what three goals?
- Improve tissue oxygenation
- Decrease work of breathing in patients with dyspnea
- Decrease work of the heart in patients with cardiac disease
What are types of oxygenation delivery systems?
- Nasal Cannula
- Venturi Mask
- Simple Oxygen Mask
- Reservoir-Type (nonrebreather) Mask
- Mechanical Ventilator
- Transtracheal Catheters
What are considerations for the use of oxygen therapy at home?
- Medications
- Energy Conservation
- Home Oxygen Systems
- Fostering Self-Esteem
