Ch 27

Question 1

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:

Answer 1

Pleural effusion

Question 2

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantreell except:

• Omphalocele
• Gastroschisis
• Cleft sternum
• Diaphragmatic defect

Answer 2

Gastroschisis

Question 3

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except:

• Enlarged rt atrium
• Fetal hydrops
• Narrowing of the aortic arch
• Malpositioned triscupid valve

Answer 3

Narrowing of the aortic arch

Question 4

Blood is shunted into the inferior vena cava from the umbilical vein by what structure?

Answer 4

Ductus venosus

Question 5

A co-existing pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:

Answer 5

Fetal hydrops

Question 6

The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed:

Answer 6

Ectopic cordis

Question 7

An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen within the:

Answer 7

Left ventricle

Question 8

An echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of:

Answer 8

Trisomy 21

Question 9

The embryonic heart begins as:

Answer 9

Two tubes

Question 10

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:

Answer 10

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

Question 11

The fetal heart is fully formed by:

Answer 11

10 weeks

Question 12

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:

Answer 12

Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

Question 13

Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated with which of the following?

Answer 13

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 14

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle is:

Answer 14

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Question 15

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent right ventricle is:

Answer 15

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Question 16

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is:

Answer 16

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 17

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the:

Answer 17

Rhabdomyoma

Question 18

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:

Answer 18

Foramen of Bochdalek

Question 19

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a/an:

Answer 19

Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

Question 20

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of:

Answer 20

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 21

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:

Answer 21

Pulmonary sequestration

Question 22

The sonographic “bat wing” sign is indicative of:

Answer 22

Pleural effusion

Question 23

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except:

• Overriding aortic root
• ventricular septic defect
• pulmonary stenosis
• left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 23

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 24

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of:

Answer 24

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 25

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?

Answer 25

Foramen ovale

Question 26

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels?

Answer 26

The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle

Question 27

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart?

• The apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine
• The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Answer 27

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Question 28

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect?

• Ventricular septal defect
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Answer 28

Ventricular septal defect

Question 29

Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart?

• There is a normal opening within the atrial septum
• The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Answer 29

The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Question 30

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts?

• The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it
• The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta

Answer 30

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it