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physical science > Ch 27 > Flashcards

Ch 27 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

weathering

A

weathering involves the breakdown of rock by physical or chemical processes

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2
Q

soil

A

soil is a mixture of organic matter weathered rock material,water, and air.

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3
Q

erosion

A

the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

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4
Q

sediment transport

A

erosianal agents like water ice wind and gravity

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5
Q

deposition

A

when the glaciers carve a solid rock as they move

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6
Q

drainage basin

A

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a rivers ___

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7
Q

longshore current

A

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a ______

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

no

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9
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will
weather?

A

rock type

landscape

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10
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

mechanical weathering

chemical weathering

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11
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

A

physical changes

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12
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A

chemical changes

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13
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

A

frost wedging, biological activity ,and collisions.

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14
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A

frost wedging occurs when water collects in the cracks of a rock and then freezes

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15
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A
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16
Q

What causes biological activity?

A

plants and animals

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17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A

rock slides

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18
Q

What is parent material?

A

where soil is formed from

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

A

h20, oxygen.

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20
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by

oxygen?

A

oxidation

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21
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by

water?

A

hydrolysis

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22
Q

What are soil horizons?

A

they are differnt layers of soil

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23
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A

6

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24
Q

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon.

A

false

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25
Q

What are the specific soil horizons?

A

0 a e b c and r horizon

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26
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain?

A

organic material

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27
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

A

minerals

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28
Q

Which layer does leaching occur?

A

e

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29
Q

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

A

b

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30
Q

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

A

c

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31
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

A

r

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32
Q

which soil horizontals make up the true soil

A

o a e b

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33
Q

weathering vs erosian

A

wheathering breakdown of material on earths surface

erosian removal of surface material

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34
Q

if the slopeof a river decreases what happens to the speed of the river

A

the river speed decreases

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35
Q
A

tributaries

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36
Q
A

drainage basin

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37
Q
A

drainage divide

38
Q
A

channels

39
Q
A

v-shaped

40
Q
A

mature

41
Q

when rivers flood and drop their sediment load, flood plains form along the valley sides

A

flood Plains

42
Q

A fan shaped sediment deposit will form at the mouth of a river, here is emplies into another body of water. Distributaries are the branching channels

A

Deltas

43
Q

Form where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land

A

Alluvial Fans

44
Q

What are the two types of glaciers?

A

valley and continental glaciers?

45
Q

Where do valley glaciers form?

A

in high mountainous regions

46
Q

Where do continental glaciers form?

A

greenland and antarctica

47
Q

Where are the two continental glaciers located?

A

greenland and antarctica

48
Q

What is a cirque?

A

bowl shaped basins

49
Q

What is an arete?

A

a long sharp ridgeline between a adjacent valley

50
Q

What is a horn in a mountainous region?

A

sharpended peaks

51
Q

What shape of valley do u shaped glaciers form?

A

u shaped glaciers

52
Q

What are tributary glaciers?

A

large glasiers form glaceries

53
Q

What type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?

A

hanging vallies

54
Q

which side of a sand dune does errosian occur

A

the wind word

55
Q

which side of a sand dune does deposition occur

A
56
Q

what is deflation

A

the removal of small particals by the wind leaving heavier particals behind.

57
Q

what is desert pavement

A

when the small partigals go byebye and only the pavement is left

58
Q

what do the shape and size landforms because of wind depend on

A

wind speed,sediment supply, and the amount of time the wind blows

59
Q

what are 3 landforms that are created due to wave erosion

A

coastal cliffs , sea stacks , and sea arches

60
Q

what are 2 landforms created by wave definishon

A

sand bars and sand spits

61
Q

whats are sand bars

A

parallel to the shoreline

62
Q

what aresand spits

A

curves back

63
Q

what can cause mass wasting

A

snow heavy rain earthquakes

64
Q

what is mass waesting exsamplesn

A

rock slides mud flows landslides

65
Q

What percentage of water on Earth is salt water?

A

97%

66
Q

What percentage of water on Earth is freshwater?

A

3%

67
Q

Where is the majority of freshwater found?

A

2% in glaciers

68
Q

Where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found?

A

lakes river and underground

69
Q

What is precipitation?

A

snow rain sleet and hail

70
Q

What is infiltration?

A

water enters the earth and it becomes ground water

71
Q

What is transpiration?

A

plants make vapor go in air

72
Q

What is evaporation?

A

water goes in air as water vapor

73
Q

What is condensation?

A

vapor gets with more water vapor

74
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

water on land goes in air then comes back

75
Q

What is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage?

A

a porous area where water easily passes through

76
Q

What is a saturated zone for groundwater storage?

A

water fills up porus compleatly

77
Q

What is a water table?

A

the top of zone

78
Q

What does it mean if sediment is permeable?

A

thw more permable it is its easier to go through

79
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

a rock unit that can thransper water though its pore space

80
Q

What is the name of the Great Plains Aquifer?

A

ogallala aquifer

81
Q

How many states does the Great Plains Aquifer run

through?

A

8

82
Q

What are the names of the states that the Great

Plains Aquifer runs through?

A

tx nm ok ks co nb sd and wy

83
Q

What is an aquitard?

A

imperaeable layer that]keeps water confined

84
Q

How are water springs formed?

A

the spring is formed from water meeting Earth cast

85
Q

What is an artesian well?

A

drill down into pressurized aquifers

86
Q

What is a cone of depression?

A

direction the water flows down the well

87
Q

Absolute Dating

A

the process of assigning
an exact numerical age to an organism, an
object, or event.

87
Q

Relative Dating

A

the process of placing
objects or events in their proper order in
time.

88
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

states that the laws of
nature operate today as they have in the
past.

89
Q

Principle of superposition

A 
states that in
an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary
rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the
top and the oldest rocks will be at the
bottom.
90
Q

Unconformity

A

gaps in the rock record
during which either erosion occurred or
deposition was absent

91
Q

Fossil

A

the remains or traces of organisms

found in the geologic rock record

physical science (6 decks)

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