Ch 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

A

mineral

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2
Q

the color of a minerial in powered form is called

A

streak

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3
Q

when a mineral brakes along preferred planes of weakness

A

cleavage

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4
Q

minerals that brake bad

A

fracture

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5
Q

minerals resistance

A

hardness

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6
Q

molten rock in earth

A

magma

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7
Q

a mineral is

A

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, and with a crystalline form

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8
Q

what are the two most abundant elements that make up Earths crust

A

oxygen,silicon

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9
Q

what does inorganic mean

A

material that is nonliving

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10
Q

what does the arragement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

A

how it breaks how hard it is , and its crystal shape

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11
Q

what are all the ways to identify minerals

A

cleavage, fraction, hardness, luster, streak, atomic arragement, crystal shape

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12
Q

what are two types of luster

A

metallic and nonmetallic

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13
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light

A

reflects light ez

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14
Q

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light

A

shine like glass or apper earthly or waxy

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15
Q

how do you perform a streak test

A

by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white tile

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16
Q

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

A

fracture and cleavlage

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17
Q

what is the name of the scale to measurement the hardness of a mineral

A

mohs scale

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18
Q

what is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness

A

1-10

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19
Q

how many different crystal shape systems are there

A

6

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20
Q

minerals grow from the

A
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21
Q

what are the 3 ways mineralscan form

A
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22
Q

what are the two mineral groups

A
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23
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust

A
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24
Q

what elements aresilicates made up of

A

silicon and oxygen

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25
Q

nonsilicates do not contain what element

A

sililacates

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26
Q

what minerals is used to make glass

A

quarts

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27
Q

define rock

A

A rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and
volcanic glass.

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28
Q

how are rocks identified

A

Rocks are identified by their composition and texture.

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29
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

A

The texture of a rock describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s
components.

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30
Q

where do instructive igneous rocks form

A

Igneous rocks are those that form from molten rock material that cools and
crystallizes either underground or on Earth’s surface.

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31
Q

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form form

A

Igneous rocks that form within Earth’s crust are called intrusive igneous rocks.

32
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

A

bowen¨s reaction series

33
Q

What are the 3 types of magma?

A

mafic intermediate felsic

34
Q

Which magma type has a low silica content?

A

mafic

35
Q

Which magma type has a high silica content?

A

felsic

36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)

A

continental

37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz? (oceanic or continental)

A

oceanic

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

A

In intrusive igneous rocks, grain size, which means the size of individual mineral
crystals, gives you clues as to how fast magma cooled.

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

A

In intrusive igneous rocks

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

Magma that cools slowly, allows atoms and ions time to migrate about and form
large crystals.

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock? (this answer
weekly question for Tuesday)

A

Extrusive igneous rocks are fine-grained as a result of rapid cooling.

42
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

A

Pumice and scoria have holey textures.

43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cc
rates?

A

Rocks with two-different sized crystals are porphyritic.

44
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

A

pumas

45
Q

Define clasts

A

Rock is a consolidated mixture of minerals. Some of these minerals could be in bits and pieces of other rocks. Such small rock and mineral fragments are called clasts.

46
Q

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?

A

Rock on Earth’s surface are exposed to water, wind, and other forces.

47
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

A

When clasts are transported to new locations, they often become rounded before being deposited.

48
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

A

When buried by more sediment deposited above them, clasts can be smashed together with great force.

49
Q

Define pore space

A

When clasts are loose on Earth’s surface, they don’t fit together perfectly. The empty space in between the grains is called pore space.

50
Q

Define compaction

A

The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material is called compaction.

51
Q

Define cementation

A

Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process called cementation.

52
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Most of the time both compaction and cementation work together to make sedimentary rock.

53
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A

Detritus is another name given to clasts.

54
Q

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

A

Sedimentary rocks that are made mostly of clasts are called detrital sedimentary rock.

55
Q

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

A

In order of decreasing size, clasts are known as gravel, sand, silt, or clay.

56
Q

Which clast size would be deposited first?

A

graval because its heavier

57
Q

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

A

conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale

58
Q

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Chemical sedimentary rocks form from water that contains dissolved solids.

59
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called.

A

If sedimentary rocks contain the remains of living organisms they are called biochemical sedimentary rocks.

60
Q

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Limestone and coal

61
Q

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

A

Detrital, Chemical, and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks

62
Q

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of

which 3 things?

A

heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

63
Q

Which types of rocks can be changed by

metamorphism?

A

Any igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock can be changed by metamorphism.

64
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks

occur over large areas?

A

regional metamorphism.

65
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks

occur over small changes?

A

contact metamorphism.

66
Q

When shale is compressed, which type of

metamorphic rock is created?

A

slate

67
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

A

Foliated and Nonfoliated rocks

68
Q

Define foliated texture

A

Foliated rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands.

69
Q

Define nonfoliated texture

A

Nonfoliated rocks have crystals with more random orientations.

70
Q

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on

which two things?

A

texture and composition

71
Q

Define Rock Cycle

A

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another is called the rock cycle.

72
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

A

sedimentary, metamorphic,and igneous rocks

73
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks?

A

sedimentary, metamorphic,and igneous rocks

74
Q

Which type of rocks form from molten rock?

A

igneous rocks

75
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts,

precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

A

sedimentary rocks

76
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from heat,

pressure, and chemical reactions?

A

metamorphic rocks

77
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or

molten rock?

A

minerals