Ch 26 Respirations

Question 1

Normal respiratory rates are…

Answer 1

Infant 20-60bpm
1-5yrs: 20-40bpm
6-12yrs: 15-25 bpm
Adult: 12-20
Older adult: 16-20

Question 2

When do you use a nasal cannula?

Answer 2

When the lowest o2 is needed

Question 3

Peak expiration flow rate is used to…

Answer 3

Monitor respiratory diseases and the degree of disease control

Question 4

Spirometry is used in…

Answer 4

Post operative period to measure the volume of air in liters exhaled/ inhaled.
Also evaluates lung function and airway obstruction but doesn’t specifically monitor the effectiveness of O2 therapy

Question 5

First symptoms of hypoxia?

Answer 5

Restlessness 
Confusion
Anxiety 
Hypertension 
Tachycardia 
Increased respiratory rate
Dyspnea

Question 6

Late symptoms of hypoxia?

Answer 6

Decreased level of consciousness 
Hypotension
Decreased activity level
Bradycardia
Metabolic acidosis
Cyanosis

Question 7

Chronic signs/symptoms of hypoxia ?

Answer 7

Clubbing in fingers and toes
Peripheral edema 
R sided ❤️️ failure 
Respiratory acidosis 
O2 sat <87%

Question 8

Nasal cannula

Answer 8

Delivers O2 concentrations of 24-44% w flow rate of 1-6L/min

Administers low flow oxygen

Question 9

Simple face mask

Answer 9

40-60%
Flow 5-8L/min
For pts who require a moderate flow rate for a short period of time

Question 10

Non rebreather mask

Answer 10

80-95%O2
Flow 2/3 full of liter full of reservoir bag
10-15 L/min

Question 11

Venturi mask

Answer 11

Used different size adaptors to deliver a fixed FiO2.
Used for COPD pts
Humidifiers are not usually used w this mask
24-50%
4-10L/min
Used for critically ill pts who require administration of specific concentration of O2

Question 12

Face tent

Answer 12

Often used as an alternative to an aerosol mask for pts who feel claustrophobic
Cannot control amount of 02 administered

Question 13

Crackles (fine)
Aka
Fine tales

Answer 13

High-pitched short popping sounds heard during inspiration and not cleared with coughing.
Sounds are discontinuous and can be simulated by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear

Occur late inspiration:
Restrictive diseases like pneumonia CHF
Early inspiration:
Obstructive disorders like bronchitis asthma emphysema

Question 14

Crackles course
Aka
Course rales

Answer 14

Low pitched bubbling moist sounds that purses from early inspiration to early expiration

Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 15

Wheeze (sonorous)
Aka
Ronchi/ gurgles

Answer 15

Low pitched snoring or moaning sounds heard primarily during expiration but may be heard throughout the respiratory cycle.
These wheezes are cleared w coughing

Heard w bronchitis/ single bronchus obstruction

Question 16

Wheeze silibant

Answer 16

High-pitched musical sounds heard primarily doing expiration but may be hard on inspiration

Condition:
Acute asthma/ chronic emphysema

Question 17

Pleural friction rub

Answer 17

Low pitched dry grating sound
Is like crackles only more superficial occurs during inspiration and expiration

Conditions:
Pleuritis