Ch 26 Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Normal blood pH
- 35-7.45
- 8’s are FATAL
Acidosis
pH
Alkalosis
pH > 7.45
- hyper excitability of neuromuscular systems
- muscle spasms
- muscle tetany
- convulsions
- paralysis of respiratory
Chemical buffers
molecules/ions that bind H+ when pH is going down or release H+ when pH is going up
- ACT IMMEDIATELY
Physiological buffer
organ system that stabilizes pH by controlling how the body gets rid of acids, bases, or CO2
what is the most important protein buffer in the blood plasma?
albumin
what are some important buffers inside cells?
hemoglobin inside RBC
If pH is disturbed what systems come for help?
1 chemical buffering systems
2 respiratory system
3 urinary system
What is the normal pCO2(partial pressure of carbon dioxide)?
35-45 mm Hg
respiratory acidosis
pH: goes down
pCO2: goes up (hypercapnia)
HCO3-: goes up (renal compensation)
- causes: COPD, pulmonary edema, airway obstruction, depression or injury to brainstem respiratory centers
respiratory alkalosis
pH: goes up
pCO2: goes down (hypocapnia)
HCO3-: goes down (renal compensation)
- causes: anything causing hyperventilation (pain, anxiety, panic attacks, brainstem injury, IMPROPER VENTILATOR SETTING, low pO2)
What are some symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?
- skeletal muscle spasms
- carpopedal spasm
- laryngospasm
- light headedness
What other organ system helps regulate pH?
urinary system
metabolic acidosis
pH: goes down
PCO2: goes down (respiratory compensation)
HCO3-: goes down
- causes: excess production or ingestion of H+, insufficient loss of H+, excess loss of HCO3-, insufficient production of HCO3-
metabolic alkalosis
pH: goes up
pCO2: goes up (respiratory compensation)
HCO3-: goes up
- causes: too much HCO3- ingested, too much H+ is lost
