Ch 23 Flashcards
carbohydrates —> monosaccharides
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
chewing
mastication
swallowing
deglutition
peristalsis
forward propulsion of food “milking a cow”
where does absorption occur
small intestine
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
nervous network regulating digestive motility, secretions, & blood flow
parasympathetic ENS
- enhances gland secretion
- enhances motility
sympathetic ENS
- inhibits gland secretions
- inhibits smooth muscle contraction
- causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the digestive tract
triglycerides
fatty acids + glycerol
proteins
amino acids
lamina propria
very vascular
lymphatic follicles
glands
mesentery
double layer of peritoneum
what enzyme does the tongue secrete?
lingual lipase(begins break down of triglycerides)
what do the salivary glands secrete?
salivary amylase(breaks down starch), lysozyme, IgA
where does most of the absorption of food occur?
in the small intestine
deglutition
pushes bolus of food into oropharynx
dysphagia
difficult swallowing
acute esophagitis
ingestion of irritating substances, viral inflammation, intubation
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
- LES fails to close adequately
- stomach contents “reflux”
- HCl from stomach irritates esophageal lining = heartburn (radiating substernal pain)
Risk factors for GERD
- hiatal hernia
- recurrent vomiting
- lying down right after a meal
- delayed gastric emptying
- increased abdominal pressure
- reduced LES muscle tone
parietal cells
produces intrinsic factor
produces HCl in stomach
chief cells
produces pepsinogen
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
- erosion from chronic inflammation
- caused by hypersecretion of HCl, hyposecretion of mucus, helicobacter pylori infection
What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?
HCl
What stimulates parietal cells to produce acid?
- ACh
- Histamine
- Gastrin
What hormones are found in the small intestine?
- secretin
- CCK
- GIP
What hormones are secreted by the stomach?
- gastrin
- ghrelin
- serotonin
- histamine
Whats an exocrine function of the liver?
secretes bile into ducts
Whats an endocrine function of the liver?
secretes TPO, IGFs, hepcidin, angiotensinogen, calcidiol into the blood
What are two ways the liver can INCREASE blood glucose?
increase glycogenolysis
increase gluconeogenesis
How are carbohydrates absorbed into the body?
As monosaccharides
How are proteins absorbed into the body?
As amino acids
