Ch 25 Management of patients with complications from heart disease

Question 1

Anuria

Answer 1

Urine output of less than 50 mL per 24 hours

Question 2

Ascites

Answer 2

An accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 3

Cardiac re-synchronization therapy CRT

Answer 3

A treatment for heart failure in which a device paces both ventricles to synchronize contractions

Question 4

Congestive heart failure CHF

Answer 4

A fluid overload condition associated with heart failure

Question 5

Diastolic heart failure

Answer 5

The inability of the left ventricle of the heart to fill and pump efficiently; term used to define a type of heart failure; heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Question 6

Ejection fraction EF

Answer 6

Percentage of blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole that is ejected during systole; a measurement of contractility

Question 7

Heart failure HF

Answer 7

A clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ability of a ventricle to fill or eject blood

Question 8

Heart failure with mid range ejection fraction HFmrEF

Answer 8

Clinical heart failure syndrome with left ventricle ejection fraction greater than or equal to 50% synonym diastolic heart failure

Question 9

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFpEF

Answer 9

Clinical heart failure syndrome with left ventricular ejection fraction greater than or equal to 50% synonym diastolic heart failure

Question 10

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HFrEF

Answer 10

Clinical heart failure syndrome with left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 40% synonym systolic heart failure

Question 11

Left sided heart failure

Answer 11

Inability of the left ventricle to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systematic circulation; left ventricular failure

Question 12

Oliguria

Answer 12

Diminished urine output; less than .5 milliliters per kilogram per hour over at least six hours, or less than 400 mL in 24 hours

Question 13

Orthopnea 

Answer 13

Shortness of breath when lying flat

Question 14

Proximal nocturnal dyspnea PND

Answer 14

Shortness of breath that occur suddenly during sleep

Question 15

Pericardiocentesis

Answer 15

Procedure that involves aspiration of fluid from the pericardial sac

Question 16

Pericardiotomy

Answer 16

Surgically created opening of the pericardium

Question 17

Pulmonary edema

Answer 17

Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and alveoli of the lungs causing severe respiratory distress

Question 18

Pulseless electrical activity PEA

Answer 18

Condition in which electrical activity is present on an electrocardiogram, but there is not a physiologically adequate pulse or blood pressure

Question 19

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 19

Systolic blood pressure that is more than 10 mmHg lower during inhalation than during exhalation; difference is normally less than 10 mmHg

Question 20

Right sided heart failure

Answer 20

Inability of the right ventricle to fill or eject sufficient blood into the pulmonary circulation; right ventricular failure

Question 21

Systolic heart failure

Answer 21

Inability of the heart to pump sufficiently because of an alteration in the ability of the heart to contract; term used to describe a type of heart failure; heart failure with reduced ejection fraction