Ch 25 Flashcards
What organ metabolizes Tylenol
Liver
Peak
max effect of drug
Trough
lowest effect of drug
half-life
amount of time it takes of half of the drug to be used
Primary effect
what we want to see
Secondary effect
unintended
side effect
- unintended
- may be predictable
- results in physiological effect
Adverse effect
- harmful
- unintended
- unpredictable
- Stop drug immediately
standing orders
-set standards
T.O.
Telephone order
V.O.
verbal order
HAMS
High Alert Medications
- Insulins
- Heparin
- Sedatives
- Opoids
3 checks
- Before you pour
- After you pour
- At bedside
Six Rights of medication administration
- patient
- drug
- dose
- rout
- time
- frequency
Pharmacokinetics
-What happens to the drug in the body
Pharmacodynamics
-How the drug affects the body
4 processes of pharmacokinetics
-ADME
Absorption
-Movement of drug in the bloodstream
-Factors affecting absorption
route of administration
drug solubility
pH/ionization
blood flow
Distribution
-Drug transport to tissues and organs
-Factors affecting distribution
local blood flow
membrane permeability
protein-binding capacity
Biotransformation
-Chemical conversion of drug
-Factors affecting metabolism
liver function
health/disease status
first-pass effect
Excretion
-Elimination of the drug
-Factors affecting excretion
organ function, especially the kidneys, and lungs
Exocrine glands
The client has been on a low-protein diet. This will most likely affect which pharmacokinetic process?
Distribution
Primary effects of drugs
- Therapeutic effects
- Predicted
- Intended
- Desired
- Why the drug was prescribed
Secondary effects of drugs
- Unintended
- Nontherapeutic
- Can be: predictable, harmless, harmful
Types: side effects adverse reactions toxic reactions allergic reactions idiosyncratic reactions cumulative effect
